Spectroscopic study on encapsulation of two structurally similar donor–acceptor dyes in model cyclodextrin nanocavity
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Acceptor
Encapsulation
Stoichiometry
Two schools of thought underpin the way OO programming languages support encapsulation.Object encapsulation ensures that private members are accessible only within a single object.Class encapsulation allows private members to be accessed by other objects of the same class.This paper describes an empirical investigation into the way encapsulation is used in practice in class encapsulation languages C# and Java.We find arbitrary and inconsistent programming practices and suggest that object encapsulation is more intuitive and provides OO design advantages.
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본 연구의 목적은 누룩과 입국의 발효제를 달리하고 β-Cyclodextrin을 농도별로 처리한 후 발효시킨 막걸리의 쓴맛의 변화를 비교하고자 하였다. 모두 18~20% 알코올 농도로, 발효제와 β-Cyclodextrin의 처리와는 큰 관련이 없었으나 농도가 증가할수록 알코올이 감소하였다. pH 변화는 누룩과 입국 모두 4~4.3으로 차이가 없었다. 당도는 입국보다 누룩이 높았고, β-Cyclodextrin의 첨가량이 증가할수록 당도가 증가하였다. 총산도는 누룩보다 입국이 다소 높았다. 유기산 함량 측정 결과 누룩의 경우 β-Cyclodextrin의 각 농도별로 비교시 각 농도에서 Lactic acid가 가장 함량이 높았고, 5,000ppm의 첨가 농도를 제외하고 그 다음으로 Acetic acid 순이었다. β-Cyclodextrin 투입에 따른 막걸리의 향기성분 변화 결과 누룩의 경우 아세트알데히드의 함량은 20,000ppm 투입시 가장 높게 나타났으며 디아세틸의 경우 국의 종류에 관계없이 β-Cyclodextrin의 투입량이 많을수록 그 농도가 높아졌다. 에스터류의 경우는 누룩과 입국시험구 모두에서 β-Cyclodextrin을 5,000ppm 투입한 술덧에서 유의하게 높았다. 고급 알코올류의 경우는 누룩 입국 모두 β-Cyclodextrin을 20,000ppm 투입한 술덧에서 유의하게 농도가 가장 높았으며 β-Cyclodextrin의 투입량이 많을수록 고급 알코올의 농도가 증가하였다. 누룩과 입국의 β-Cyclodextrin 투입에 따른 쓴맛의 변화도를 알아보기 위해 관능평가 결과 누룩과 입국 모두에서 5000ppm에서 쓴맛의 감소가 확연되었으며, 10,000ppm에서도 감소가 뚜렷하였다.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Reversible Dye Encapsulation Inside Organic Container Molecules Reversible Dye Encapsulation by Biological Receptors Permanent Dye Encapsulation Inside Rotaxanes Permanent Encapsulation Inside Inorganic Matrices Conclusion Acknowledgements References
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The Cu-TiC composites with non-stoichiometric TiC have been tried to prepare by melt reaction method in this work. It is confirmed that the TiC with different stoichiometries can be successfully prepared by changing the Ti/C ratio in raw material. When there is much excessive Ti in Cu melts, sub-stoichiometric TiC, such as TiC0.6, will be synthesized. However, the sub-stoichiometric TiCx, is not formed by direct reaction between Ti and graphite. In Cu-TiC composites prepared by melt reaction method, near stoichiometric TiCy prefer to be firstly synthesized by reaction between Ti and graphite. Then near stoichiometric TiCy will further react with Ti in the melts to form sub-stoichiometric TiCx (x < y) when there is much excessive Ti.
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2 Te 3 NP 在空中被氧化并且在与中等激光力量加热下面形成一个肿块，是由双性人特征的拉曼线的出现揭示了 2 O 3 和 TeO 由 AFM 和版本的 2 和描述进一步上激光力量灼伤洞增加 NP 的表面。薄(厚度不到 20 nm ) 有与双性人不同的 stoichiometry 的 NP 2 Te 3 也被学习。从 non-stoichiometric NP 的拉曼线随双性人集中的增加与 stoichiometric 和显示特征变化的那些不同。有一样的厚度的薄 NP 但是不同 stoichiometries 表演与在光图象的底层相比的不同颜色对比。这显示在薄咬 NP 的光吸收系数强烈取决于他们的 stoichiometry。
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This study aimed to examine the effects of α-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin as stabilizing agents on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) reduced by o-hydroxybenzoic acid. Comparative studies were carried to compare the size of AuNPs after the addition of stabilizing agents. The optimization was done under stabilizing agent concentration. AuNPs with α-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin were optimum at 0.040 M stabilizing agent. DLS analysis showed that after the addition of α-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin as stabilizing agents, the size of AuNPs decreased. This result indicated that AuNPs, added with α-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin had better stability and increase the uniformity of AuNPs.
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This document describes a set of Extension Headers for the Unidirectional Lightweight Encapsulation (ULE), RFC 4326.The Extension Header formats specified in this document define extensions appropriate to both ULE and the Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) for the second-generation framing structure defined by the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) family of specifications.Extension Formats for the ULE Encapsulation April 20082.
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