Can Low‐Valent Germanium Chemistry Be Practiced Under Ambient Conditions? A Tale of a Water‐Stable Yet Reactive Germylene Monochloride Complex
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A germylene monochloride complex ((DPM)GeCl, 1) that is water stable was isolated for the first time. Interestingly, it reacts with cesium fluoride under ambient conditions (non-inert atmosphere and water-containing solvent) to afford water stable germylene monofluoride complex ((DPM)GeF, 2). Due to the usage of DPM (dipyrrinate) ligand, germylene monohalides 1 and 2 show fluorescence in the visible region at 555 and 538 nm, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first fluorescent germylene complexes and were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. The structure of compound 1 was also proved by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.Keywords:
Inert gas
Inorganic germanium and carboxyethyl germanium sesquioxide (germanium-132) in health drinks were respectively determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). The conditions of respective determination of inorganic germanium and germanium-132 in natural foods were preliminarily discussed.
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Abstract Umsetzung von Li‐,Gen‐Einkristallen mit Benzophenon in THF führt unter strger topotaktischer Entmetallierung (Bildung von Li" und den Radikalanionen von PhzCO) zu Einkristallen der neuen Germanium‐Modifikation allo‐Ge.
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High-temperature x-ray diffraction patterns of germanium plus germanium oxide GeO2 between 750° and 1400°C, showed that germanium monoxide GeO is not a stable compound. At elevated temperatures germanium can dissolve up to 60 atom percent of oxygen. The oxygen causes first a slight expansion and then a contraction of the Ge lattice. At 850° and 930°C, the x-ray pattern of a germanium-oxygen compound, consisting of equimolecular quantities of germanium and oxygen, showed only the germanium pattern. At 1000° and higher (above the melting point of pure germanium, 965°C), the germanium pattern disappears, and liquid-like structure is visible, though the sample is still solid (melting point 1430°C). When the temperature is lowered again to 930°C, the germanium pattern reappears. The electrical resistivity of the Ge and GeO2 mixture shows a sharp break at 970°C. In the germanium-oxygen compound we thus have a disordering of the germanium lattice above the melting point of pure germanium.
Germanium oxide
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Valency
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Isotopes of germanium
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Germanium compounds
Germanium oxide
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The significance of reducing iron and other impurities and increasing germanium grade is introduced,and the reasons of high iron in germanium concentrate are analyzed.The effective measures for reducing impurities in germanium concentrate have been taken;iron content in germanium concentrate is reduced greatly and germanium content is increased.
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The major chemical reactions and processes involved in preparing germanium oxide from enriched germanium-containing material using hydro- metallurgical methods, as well as the characters of the processes are described in this article. Also presented are the processes for making high-purity germanium oxide and metal germanium.
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