Synthesis and characterization of amorphous α-nickel hydroxide
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The deactivation of nickel hydroxide to the electrooxidation of hypophosphite on a nickel electrode was studied by means of in situ UV-Vis subtractive reflectance spectroscopy. The experimental results show that when the potential is lower than -1.0 V (SCE), the surface on nickel electrode is free of nickel hydroxide, on which hypophosphite is active. When the potential moves positively to about 0.75V, two absorbency bands around 300nm and 550nm, which were ascribed to the formation of α-nickel hydroxide, were observed, nickel is oxidized to α-nickel hydroxide. Severe deactivation of the surface occurs when the nickel surface is covered with nickel hydroxide, which separates the hypophosphite ion from nickel substrate.
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Abstract Thermal properties of conventional organic oligomers and organically modified ceramic hybrid materials (Ormoresin) were characterized and compared by using thermogravimetric techniques. Thermal properties were compared in terms of initial thermal decomposition temperature ( T 0 , which is the temperature at which 5% weight loss occurred), the temperature at which 50% weight loss occurred ( T 50 ), and the percentage of residue remained at 600°C. Organically modified ceramic resins are found to have improved thermal stability. It is also found that the type of inorganic material incorporated in organically modified ceramics resin (Ormoresin) has considerable influence on its thermal characteristics. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 977–985, 2004
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Based on the polycondensation of polyetheretherketone,by adding hydroxyapatite blended into(polyetheretherketone,PEEK),biological composite materials were prepared.Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to study the thermal stability of the composite materials.Results show that the thermal decomposition temperatures are above 500 ℃ in the beginning,showing desirable thermal stability.Heating rates have an important influence on thermogravimetric curves.Further,as heatings speed up,thermogravimetric curves move to a high temperature,and the initial decomposition temperature and maximum thermal decomposition temperature increase.Also,maximum decomposition rate decreases with the increase of HA content,indicating that the thermal stability of PEEK/HA composites are better than that of PEEK.A cytotoxicity test shows that PEEK/HA composites have no significant toxicity to Hela cells,and they promote cell growth,showing that the biological compatibility of PEEK/HA composites is good.
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The thermal stabilities of 66 ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated using the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. Isothermal TGA studies on the ILs showed that ILs exhibit decomposition at temperatures lower than the onset decomposition temperature (Tonset), which is determined from ramped temperature TGA experiments. Thermal decomposition kinetics of ILs was analyzed using pseudo-zero-order rate expression and their activation energy was obtained. Parameter T0.01/10h, the temperature at which 1% mass loss occurs in 10 h, was used to evaluate the long-term thermal stability of ILs. The thermal stability of the ILs was classified to five levels according to Tonset. The ILs thermal stability is dependent on the structure of ILs, i.e., cation modification, cation and anion type. The correlations between the stability and the hydrophilicity of ILs were discussed. Finally, the thermal stabilities of acetate-based ILs, amino acid ILs, and dicyanamide ILs were analyzed.
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