Finite Element Simulation of Axial Crush of Thin-Walled Tubes with Different Cross-Sections: Vehicle/Pole Impact Applications
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This paper presents finite element simulations of axial crash behaviour and energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled tubes with variable cross-sections and different materials to investigate the design of an optimised energy absorbing street pole. With the conclusion of the desired variables for the design of an energy absorbing thin-walled tube, the tubes are placed 90 degrees to that of the base of the model street pole. Simulation of frontal impact of a vehicle and street pole are analysed and compared to that of the energy absorbing street pole concept. Studies are carried out by numerical simulation via the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA. Results compare the absorbed energy and the deflection of each variable, and recommend best design for the tube structure which improved vehicle crashworthiness.Keywords:
Crashworthiness
LS-DYNA
In crashworthiness study, the crash performance of a structure can be assessed through the deformation pattern, the acceleration of the crashing members during and after impact or collision, the energy absorbed and transferred by the crashing members and in some cases, the probability of injury to the vehicle occupants. Among the popular method of analysis the crash performance of a structure is by using dynamic analysis in computational finite element model. In this study, the crash behavior of a finite element model of car crash box is compared to the model that has successfully correlated to its actual structure by using model updating method. The velocity of impactor, the deformation, collapse distance and energy transferred to the two models of crash box are compared. Percentage of discrepancies is calculated and future studies on the topic will be suggested.
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Crashworthiness Characteristic Analysis of Vehicle Energy-absorbing Structure Based on ANSYS/LS-DYNA
Crashworthiness depends on the energy absorption character of the thin-walled structure in the vehicle.Based on the non-linear finite element software—ANSYS/LS-DYNA,several key factors have been analysed in the model-building process,and it creatively analyzes the feasibility in the surface of thin-walled structure with energy-absorption holes.And the mechanical characteristics analysis of the bumper is carried out with the optimal simulation model.
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LS-DYNA
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항공기, 자동차를 포함하는 모든 수송수단 설계에 있어서 내추락성 설계가 강조되고 있으나, 심각한 부상 또는 사망으로 이어지는 사고는 지속적으로 발생해 왔고, 앞으로도 발생할 것이다. 심지어 생존 가능으로 분류되는 사고에서조차도 상당한 수준의 인명사고가 있어 왔음은 주지의 사실이다. 그러나 이러한 사고들이 반드시 불가피하다고만 할 수는 없다. 만약 좌석, 구속장치, 탑승공간 강도조건 등 탑승자 보호계통이 적절히 또는 바르게 설계된다면 추락상황에서의 생존성은 획기적으로 증대될 수 있다. 이를 위해서는 급격한 가속도 변화환경에서의 인체 허용한도 특성을 충분히 이해해야 하며, 이를 바탕으로 인체 허용한도 제한치 이내에서 하중조건이 유지되도록 탑승공간을 설계하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 급격한 가속도 변화환경에서의 인체 허용한도의 중요성과 예측되는 추락환경 변화에 따른 설계요구도 변화 필요성을 강조함으로써 내추락성 설계에 대한 공감대를 넓히고자 한다. Design with crashworthiness concept has been emphasized for almost aircraft and motor vehicles. However, crashes accompanied serious injury and death have been continuously occurred, and will be occurred subsequently. What was worse, it is a well-known fact that there were a good many crashes classified as survivable accidents in which fatal injuries were reported. But we cannot say that fatal injuries were inevitable consequences of those crashes. If crashworthy design for seat, restraint systems, and cabin strength were adequate or right, survivability in a crash event could be maximized greatly. To substantiate the right crashworthiness, we must thoroughly understand the characteristics of human tolerance under abrupt acceleration change, and the cabin design should be combined with proper use of energy absorbing technologies that reduce accelerations experienced by the occupants. In this paper, the emphasis on the human tolerance under abrupt accelerations as well as the necessity of change in design requirements for crash environment will be stressed to widen the belt of consensus for the right crashworthy design.
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Survivability
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Aimed at the problem of car door side crashworthiness,the three-dimensional geometric model of the car door was established through CATIA software.By using finite element theory and method,the finite element model of the car door was established based on HyperMesh/LS-DYNA environment.The side impact performance of the car door was solved with LS-DYNA.The maximum deformation nephogram of the inside plate,the displacement-time history curve of the two key position points and the internal energy changing curve were got.Improvement of car door structure was conducted by increasing the number of side impact beam,filling the beam with low-density foam,changing the wall thickness.Through the contrastive analysis of the scheme,the performance of car door side crashworthiness is improved.
Crashworthiness
LS-DYNA
Side impact
Car seat
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Abstract Crashworthiness of composite structures is of significant interest to manufacturers and operators as composites become more commonly used in automobiles and aircraft. Experimental crush testing remains an important tool in the design of subfloor fuselage structures for crashworthiness, as numerical simulations are still largely unable to accurately predict the crushing response of complex composite structures. In this paper, dynamic crush testing of carbon-fibre/epoxy specimens experimental result is validated using the modelling and simulation software LS-DYNA to understand impact behaviours under dynamic loading for finite element simulations. The tubular finite element model was modelled using MAT54 and was impacted by a 65KG rigid wall impactor with an impact velocity of 55 km/h. Material card parameters were evaluated to understand crush behaviour of the FE model. Upon analysis the experimental results and the FEA results showed a good correlation. Modelling criteria used for this model can be further used to simulate crush response of unidirectional carbon tubes under dynamic impact.
Crashworthiness
LS-DYNA
Fuselage
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Historically, when one speaks of actual aircraft accident investigations or preplanned aircraft crash tests, a common objective exists: to gather as much pertinent information as is possible from a relatively complex and sometimes unpredictable dynamic event. Today, analytical math models are becoming more capable of predicting the dynamic behavior of aircraft structures and occupants subjected to crash loads. The engineering community still finds it necessary, however, to periodically perform full-scale crash tests for the purpose of validating math models, exploring new crashworthy component design concepts, defining synergistic effects or a variety other valid goals.
Crashworthiness
Component (thermodynamics)
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Abstract : A review was conducted of U.S. civil helicopter accidents occurring between 1974 and 1978 to determine impact conditions and injuries to the occupants. This report describes the distribution of impact conditions. Also, six typical impact scenarios were developed to represent classes of accidents. A rank-ordered analysis of crash hazards is presented. The report also contains an evaluation of computer techniques available for structural crash dynamics simulation and a comparison of the civil and military helicopter crash environments. Recommended crashworthiness design criteria for civil rotorcraft are presented.
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Crashworthiness
LS-DYNA
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This paper is mainly devoted to the analysis of a front collision of crash box at low speed.A finite element model of crash box was built up with shell element of Hypermesh software package.Both the experiment and theoretical analysis verified the feasibility of simulation model.Therefore the factors affecting the crashworthiness of crash box were determined.The aspects for improving the crashworthiness of crash box are pointed out.
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