Ein Calciumentzugsphänomen an tonischen Muskeln
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Nomen dubium
Indian species in the castianeirine genus Castianeira Keyserling, 1879 (Corinnidae) are partly revised based on type materials deposited in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Two new synonyms are recognized: Castianeira himalayensis Gravely, 1931 syn. nov. is synonymised with Corinnomma severum (Thorell, 1877), and Castianeira bengalensis Biswas, 1984 syn. nov. with the liocranid species Oedignatha scrobiculata Thorell, 1881. Castianeira albopicta Gravely, 1931 is considered as a nomen dubium. Castianeira adhartali Gajbe, 2003 and Castianeira indica Tikader, 1981 are transferred to Oedignatha Thorell, 1881 (Liocranidae). The taxonomic status of both Castianeira tinae Patel Patel, 1973 and Castianeira quadrimaculata Reimoser, 1934 is discussed. All the examined type materials are illustrated, and the current status of the type material of each species is discussed.
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Aphonopelma braunshausenii Tesmoingt, 1996 is regarded as a nomen dubium due to the lack of a deposited holotype, an inadequate description which gives no stable taxonomic features to differentiate it from any other species and the absence of an exact type locality. The instability of some morphological characters which were given weight for species delineation in many earlier works is discussed and illustrated.
Nomen dubium
Type locality
Paratype
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The Afrotropical species of the jumping spider genus Festucula Simon, 1901 are revised. The genus now contains eight species. Three new species, F. haddadi sp. n. (♂♀ from South Africa), F. leroyae sp. n. (♂♀ from South Africa and Namibia) and F. robustus sp. n. (♂♀ from South Africa) are described. F. australis Lawrence, 1927 is removed from its synonymy with F. festuculaeformis (Lessert, 1925). F. lineata Simon, 1901, previously treated as nomen dubium, is revalidated and redescribed. Three further species, F. australis Lessert, 1933, F. festuculaeformis Lessert, 1933 and F. lawrencei Lessert, 1933, are redescribed.
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Jumping spider
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The enigmatic Cuban araneids Araneus bipunctatus Franganillo, 1931 and Araneus lineatus Franganillo, 1931, neither located nor redescribed since their original descriptions, are discussed. A. bipunctatus is considered a nomen dubium due to the very short and vague description and the absence of type material. A. lineatus is proposed as a junior synonym of Eriophora ravilla (C. L. Koch, 1844) syn. nov. based on examination of the recently rediscovered holotype. Other taxa described by Franganillo in other works are also addressed; 29 other taxa are thereby treated as nomina dubia: Anasaitis arcuata fulgida (Franganillo, 1930) nomen dubium, Araneus fistulosus Franganillo, 1930 nomen dubium, Araneus excavatus Franganillo, 1930 nomen dubium, Ceratinopsis ruberrima Franganillo, 1926 nomen dubium, Hasarius bisetatus Franganillo, 1930 nomen dubium, Leucauge pulcherrima ochrerufa (Franganillo, 1930) nomen dubium, Lycosa anclata Franganillo, 1946 nomen dubium, Lycosa ovalata Franganillo, 1930 nomen dubium, Lycosa rostrata Franganillo, 1930 nomen dubium, Lyssomanes antillanus fasciatus Franganillo, 1935 nomen dubium, Mecaphesa celer olivacea (Franganillo, 1930) nomen dubium, Mecaphesa celer punctata (Franganillo, 1926) nomen dubium, Menemerus depressus Franganillo, 1930 nomen dubium, Menemerus fascialatus Franganillo, 1930 nomen dubium, Menemerus ochraceus Franganillo, 1930 nomen dubium, Menemerus proximus Franganillo, 1935 nomen dubium, Meta serrana Franganillo, 1930 nomen dubium, Misumena picta Franganillo, 1926 nomen dubium, Misumena quadrivulvata Franganillo, 1926 nomen dubium, Nagaina olivacea Franganillo, 1930 nomen dubium, Parasteatoda lunata serrata (Franganillo, 1930) nomen dubium, Pardosa bidentata Franganillo, 1936 nomen dubium, Pardosa maculata Franganillo, 1931 nomen dubium, Scytodes longipes simplex Franganillo, 1926 nomen dubium, Spintharidius viridis Franganillo, 1926 nomen dubium, Stethorrhagus mandibulatus Franganillo, 1930 nomen dubium, Theridion fuscum Franganillo, 1930 nomen dubium, Theridion triangulare Franganillo, 1936 nomen dubium, Witica alobatus (Franganillo, 1931) nomen dubium. Four subspecies, Zosis geniculata altissima (Franganillo, 1926), Zosis geniculata humilis (Franganillo, 1926), Zosis geniculata quadripunctata (Franganillo, 1926), and Zosis geniculata similis (Franganillo, 1926), all described from Havana, are confirmed to be conspecific with the nominate species Zosis geniculata (Olivier, 1789) as first proposed by Bonnet (1959) syns. conf., based on their congruent morphological descriptions. Four non-existent nomina purported to be authored by Franganillo per lapsus of Bryant (1940) and/or Roewer (1955) are also discussed: Ctenonima Franganillo, 1946, Ctenus rufibarbis Franganillo, 1930, Strotarchus striatus Franganillo, 1934 and Thalerothele striatipes Franganillo, 1936.
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Nomen nudum
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The paper presents comparison of main diagnostic characters of all recognizable species of genera Euophrys C.L. Koch, 1834, Pseudeuophrys Dahl, 1912 and Talavera Peckham & Peckham, 1909, also delimiting new genus Euochin from China. All that purports to illustrate the current state of classification suggests progress and improvements. Discussed postulates include adding color macrophotograps of live specimens to the routine tools of research, and routine use of precisely documented palps and internal structures of epigyne. Implementation of the above will require change of research protocol of all Salticidae, the conclusions drawn are applicable to studies of other families of spiders. New taxa described. Gen. Euochin gen. n. Subgroup of genera EUOPHRYEAE new. Nomenclatorical corrections documentedEuophrys monadnock: Edwards, 1980: 12 (S, in part). = Euophrys nearctica Kaston, 1938c (removal from synonymy, documented - Figs 12B-C with E, as well as relevant facsimiles Figs 32-33).Icius hamatus (C. L. Koch, 1846) (one of synonyms reinstated, female only) = Euophrys altera (Simon, 1868). Euophrys talassica Logunov, 1997 = Pseudeuophrys talassica (Logunov, 1997) - comb. n., Euophrys vittata Caporiacco, 1935 - reinstated from "nomen dubium" to "pending revision" status. Talavera petrensis (C. L. Koch, 1837) = Euophrys petrensis C. L. Koch, 1837 (reinstated original combination). Overdue nomenclatorical corrections: Ballognatha typica Caporiacco, 1935 - nomen dubium, Ballognatha Caporiacco, 1935 - nomen dubium, Ballognathine Caporiacco, 1935 - nomen dubium.
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Twenty-three new synonyms are introduced and one species is placed as nomen dubium in the conopid genera Conops, Myopa, Physocephala and Thecophora. Myopa fasciata is designated as the type species of Ischiodonta Lioy. Dipodium apiarium Bosc d'Antic is interpreted as an unrecognised species and therefore Dipodium Bosc d'Antic also has to be treated as an unrecognised genus. A key to the Western Palaearctic species of Physocephala is provided.
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Unusual Italian records witnessing the active flight of two predaceous diving beetles, Rhantus suturalis (W. S. Macleay, 1825) and Acilius (Acilius) sulcatus (Linnaeus, 1758), are provided. The second species is recorded from the Aosta Valley region (N Italy) and from three northern Italian provinces (Asti, Padua, Sondrio) for the first time. The conservation status in Italy of both species is updated. Deronectes silphoides (Ponza, 1805), from the environs of Saluzzo in the Piedmont region (N Italy), was in the past treated as a nomen dubium. Later it was placed, as a nomen oblitum, in synonymy with D. opatrinus (Germar, 1824) (nomen protectum). However, it is herein newly declared a nomen dubium and removed from the above synonymy, since its type specimen is lost and its type locality is outside the area of distribution of the D. opatrinus species-group. At the same time, the identity of Hydroporus silphoides Villa & Villa, 1833 (nomen nudum), previously referred to H. obscurus Sturm, 1835, is declared as uncertain.
Nomen dubium
Nomen nudum
Dytiscidae
Type locality
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Axysta clausseni spec. nov. is described from Finland and Germany. All available names of European Axysta are discussed and Hydrina viridula Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 is placed as nomen dubium in the genus Hyadina (status rev.).
Nomen dubium
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(1989). Nomen dubium vs. nomen vanum. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 232-234.
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Nomen nudum
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SYNOPSIS The generic characters of Ischnaspis Douglas are given. Redescriptions are presented of the females of its type‐species I. Jongirostris (Signoret) and of I.macrolobii Laing. A new species, I.tecleae , is described from South Africa. A new genus, Trischnaspis , is established, and a redescription is given of its type‐species Ischnaspis bipindensis Lindinger. Following examination of authentic material of I.silvestrii Leonardi it is regarded as a nomen dubium involving two species, one of which may be I.longirostris .
Nomen dubium
Diaspididae
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