Comprehensive Non-Targeted Analysis of Contaminated Groundwater of a Former Ammunition Destruction Site using 1H-NMR and HPLC-SPE-NMR/TOF-MS
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Abstract:
The aim of the present study was to explore the capabilities of the combination of 1H NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance) mixture analysis and HPLC-SPE-NMR/TOF-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to solid-phase extraction and nuclear magnetic resonance and time-of-flight mass spectrometry) for the characterization of xenobiotic contaminants in groundwater samples. As an example, solid-phase extracts of two groundwater samples taken from a former ammunition destruction site in Switzerland were investigated. 1H NMR spectra of postcolumn SPE enriched compounds, together with accurate mass measurements, allowed the structural elucidation of unknowns. This untargeted approach allowed us to identify expected residues of explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT), Hexogen (RDX) and Octogen (HMX), degradation products of TNT (1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (1,3,5-TNB), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-A-4,6-DNT), 3,5-dinitrophenol (3,5-DNP), 3,5-dinitroaniline (3,5-DNA), 2,6-dinitroanthranite, and 2-Hydroxy-4,6-dinitrobenzonitrile), benzoic acid, Bisphenol A (a known endocrine disruptor compound), and some toxicologically relevant additives for propelling charges: Centralite I (1,3-diethyl-1,3-diphenylurea), DPU (N,N-diphenylurethane), N,N-diphenylcarbamate (Acardite II), and N-methyl-N-phenylurethane. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of these additives in environmental samples. Extraction recoveries for Centralite I and DPU have been determined. Contaminants identified by our techniques were quantified based on HPLC-UV (HPLC-ultraviolet detection) and 1H NMR mixture analysis. The concentrations of the contaminants ranged between 0.1 and 48 microg/L assuming 100% recovery for the SPE step.Keywords:
Solid phase extraction
Proton NMR
Trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene
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Trinitrotoluene
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At present explosives such as trinitrotoluene(TNT) was widely applied in industry and military.However,trinitrotoluene was a class of high toxic carcinogenic material.It would endanger people's health if this kind of explosives material penetrated from soil into groundwater.The detection methods for characterization trace explosives included the following items such as chromatography and mass spectrometry,colorimetric,fluorescence quenching,electrochemical assay,surface Plasmon resonance and other methods.Rrecent progress in the detection of trace explosive was reviewed such as trinitrotoluene.The principles and application perspectives were also explained in detail.
Trinitrotoluene
Explosive detection
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Bis(methyltetraphenyl)silole and bis(methyltetraphenyl)silole siloxane nanoaggregates for the detection of TNT were developed by using aggregation-induced emission property. Their absolute quantum yields and critical water concentration for onset of aggregation were measured. Average particle size for both nanoaggregates were measured and tuned by controlling the water fraction by volume. Absolute quantum yield of both nanoaggregates in 90% water volume fraction increased by more than 40 times. Detection of TNT was achieved from the quenching PL measurement of both nanoaggregates by adding the TNT. A linear Stern-Volmer relationship was observed for the detection of TNT.
Trinitrotoluene
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The treatment of trinitrotoluene(TNT) waste water used physical method, chemical method and biological method was reviewed in this paper. The problems for the treatment of trinitrotoluene waste water were pointed out. The trend of development was proposed.
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