An immunosuppressive effect by synthetic sulfonolipids deduced from sulfonoquinovosyl diacylglycerols of sea urchin
Yoshitaka MatsumotoHiroeki SaharaTatsuya FujitaKumiko ShimozawaMika TakenouchiToshihiko TorigoeShinya HanashimaTakeyuki YamazakiShunya TakahashiFumio SugawaraYoshiyuki MizushinaKeisuke OhtaNobuaki TakahashiShinsei GasaKouichi JimbowKengo SakaguchiNoriyuki Sato
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Background. It is important to develop new immunosuppressive agents without clinical drawbacks. In this article, we reveal the possibility of a chemically synthetic sulfonolipid that acts as a novel immunosuppressive drug. Methods. We evaluated the immunosuppressive effect of 3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfono-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2-di-O-acylglycerol (β-SQDG) that contains a saturated C18 fatty acid, which is designated as β-SQDG(18:0) by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and rat allogeneic skin graft. Then, we investigated the mechanism of immunosuppressive effect of β-SQDG(18:0). Results. β-SQDG(18:0) inhibited human MLR in a dose-dependent manner without overt cytotoxic effect and prolonged rat skin allograft rejection in vivo. β-SQDG(18:0) did not inhibit the direct activation of responder T. This reagent could not affect the expression of either major histocompatibility antigen complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules on the cell surface of the stimulator cells, antigen-presenting cells. In contrast, β-SQDG(18:0) was demonstrated to inhibit the binding among allogeneic lymphocytes. However, the expression of known cell surface accessory and adhesion molecules, such as CD4, CD28, leukocyte function-associated antigen 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and CTLA-4, was not affected by β-SQDG(18:0) treatment. Conclusions. β-SQDG(18:0) might be a new class of the immunosuppressive reagent, and the inhibition of responder T-lymphocyte activation in MLR by β-SQDG(18:0) may be responsible for certain three-dimensional structures of this reagent or its quinovose binding to sulfonic acid.Keywords:
Mixed lymphocyte reaction
BETA (programming language)
Benzoic acid
Reactivity
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Abstract Review: 157 refs.
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Three types of Sb~Ⅲ reagents were studied.They are:(1)the compounds containing mer-
capto group,(2)Caille and Viel reagents and(3)the compounds containing two phenolic
groups in adiacent positions.
It was shown experimentally that the first two types of reagents give reactions with very
low selectivities.Moreover,the selectivities could not be improved by merely varying the structure
of the organic compounds.
The diphenolic compounds seem to be the most hopeful reagents for Sb~Ⅲ.Their reactions
are considerably selective.Several classes of coloured compounds containing two phenolic groups
in adjacent positions were prepared.Some of them were found to be satisfactory reagents
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Functional group
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Abstract The reaction of indoles with the Salkowski reagent has been examined. It was found that the concentration of acid as well as the concentration and anionic component of the iron salt employed are critical factors in the choice of a reagent that will fail to react—or will react maximally with a given indole. Tryptamine can be reproducibly assayed with a reagent containing 0.01 M Fe(NO 3 ) 3 in 7.0 M HCIO 4 . Two ml of this reagent are added to two ml of the sample. The absorbancy is read at 450 nm after 90 minutes under uniform light conditions. Versions of this reagent can also be used for the quantitative colorimetric determination of tryptophan or indoleacetic acid.
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Objective To evaluate the stability of the total bile acid reagent after opening the improved bottles.Methods We analyzed the total bile acid reagents in automatic biochemistry respectively by using the common reagent bottles and the improved reagent bottles.Observe daytime variation of CV and trend changes of high,medium mixed complex-value serum and reagent blank test results.Then t test was applied.Results (1)The change trend of the improved reagent bottles was significantly slower than that of the common reagent bottles,(2)The total deviations of common reagent bottles before and after monitoring were-20.37% and-22.09% respectively.Total deviations of the improved reagent bottles were 3.77% and-1.16% respectively,(3)The daytime variations of the common reagent bottles in complex-value were 9.27% and 9.32% respectively;the improved reagent bottles were 3.38% and 2.03% respectively;(4)The reagent blank with improved reagent bottles decline significantly slower than common reagent bottles;(5)The measured result of t test of the two kinds reagent bottles in the monitoring period was t=4.889,P0.01,the result there was significantly different.Conclusion The impvored reagent bottles have good performance to slow down the decay of total bile acid reagentand,and it′s suitable for extending the period of reagents′ validity.It can significantly reduce daytime variation.
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To explore the role and mechanism of B7 molecules in T cell anergy.Anti-B7-1 (CD(80)) and anti-B7-2 (CD(86)) monoclonal antibodies were used to induce T cell anergy. T cell proliferation were assayed by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with (3)H-TdR incorporation, and cytokine mRNA transcripts were analyzed with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). B7-transfected-CHO cells were used as artificial antigen presentation cells (APCs) in MLR to exclude the effects of other costimulatory molecules.MLR results showed that the proliferation of T cells was inhibited to various extents by anti-CD(80) or anti-CD(86) monoclonal antibody, the effect of anti-CD(86) antibody was greater than that of anti-CD(80) antibody, and the proliferation was totally blocked when the two were used together. The results of RT-PCR demonstrated that IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA transcripts decreased whereas IL-4 mRNA transcripts increased in T cell after treatment with anti-B7 antibo-dies for 24 hours. In MLR with artificial APC, signal one (DR7) alone could stimulate T cell proliferation at a certain threshold intensity. Costimulator B7-1 molecule could help signal one in T cell proliferation. This effect was blocked by anti-CD(80).B7 molecules play an important role in T cell immune response. Blockade of B7 family resulted in T cell anergy. The role of CD(86) may be more important than that of CD(80). The conversion of cytokine profile from Th1's to Th2's reflected that anergetic T cells were differentiated into Th2 cells by anti-B7 suggesting that anergetic blockade of costimulator molecules may be one of the mechanisms of T cell.
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1. A new reagent for simultaneous decoloration and deproteinization of urine for the polarimetric determination of glucose has been described.2. The reagent consists of a 10 per cent suspension of active carbon in 15 per cent trichloracetic acid.3. The reagent does not adsorb glucose and is able to deproteinize urines with a concentration of up to 2 per cent protein. It gives clear and, almost always, colorless filtrates even with strongly colored urines.4. The new reagent has been compared with lead acetate as a decolorizing reagent and has been found superior to this reagent.
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