Titania Nanocrystalline Prepared by Detonation Method and Calculation of Detonation Parameters
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Abstract As a promising method for synthesizing nanosized materials, detonation method was used to prepare TiO 2 nanoparticles. A new method for predicting the Chapman‐Jouguet (C‐J) detonation parameters of C a H b O c N d Ti e explosives, such as detonation heat, detonation temperature, and detonation pressure, was introduced according to the approximate reaction equations of detonation. The coefficient of oxygen balance of explosive was also calculated according to the specific detonation synthesis experiment. The calculation method was more useful in predicting the formation processes of detonation products and optimizing the experimental procedure. It could also support theory foundation for further experiments to some extent.Keywords:
Nanocrystalline material
Oxygen balance
Detonation velocity
Deflagration
Equivalence ratio
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Diluent
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The effective producing detonation is an essential technology of pulse detonation engine.The deflagration to detonation transition progress of pulse detonation engine was researched using two-dimensional numerical simulation aimed at detonation engine tube with three different sub-chamber structures.Studies indicate that:(1)the energy of electric sparks is too weak to directly trigger a detonation;the detonation is fully established through a series of interactions and impacts of reflected shock waves.(2)Because of different sub-chamber,the deflagration to detonation transition(DDT)is also different;the simulation results of three kinds of situations are contrasted,and the best sub-chamber design is obtained whose SDT time and length is the shortest.
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Liquid fuel and RDX dust were dispersed at the same time in a detonation tube with an inner diameter of 200 mm and length of 5.4m,and the cloud formed was initiated by high explosive from the bottom.Detonation pressure and velocity were obtained by the pressure measurement system,and photos and detonation cell were got by smoke trace technology.The results indicate that the 90#solvent oil-air cloud detonation pressure is 5-6MPa,which means the 90#solvent oil can be used as a main fuel of fuel-air explosive.By adding isopropyl nitrate(IPN),its critical initiation energy can be lowered,and by adding RDX the detonation pressure and velocity can be raised.The calculation and experimental verification also found a link between the critical initiation energy and detonation cell size of multi-phase detonation which is similar with the gaseous detonation.
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Efficient initiation of detonation waves is the key to the pulse detonation engine(AB.PDE) operation.In the process of deflagration to detonation transition(AB.DDT),detonation waves were successfully triggered by controlling the shock wave reflection.Interaction between flame and shock is strengthened by putting obstacles in detonation chamber with reasonable arrangement,which can efficiently organize reflection of shock wave and initiate detonation timely.Thus,DDT distance was shortened comparatively.Gasoline/Air detonation waves propagate successfully in the combustor.These results are valuable to the investigation on DDT process of two-phase pulse detonation engine at high frequency.
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The average detonation velocity and continuous detonation velocity of powdery emulsion explosive and emulsion explosive were measured respectively by electrometric method and continuous velocity probe.Results show that,for powdery emulsion explosive with the charge density of 850 kg·m-3 and 820 kg·m-3,the average detonation velocities are 4526 m·s-1 and 4020 m·s-1;the corresponding continuous detonation velocity ranges are 4300-4600 m·s-1 and 4000-4300 m·s-1 during the stable detonation phase.For emulsion explosive with the charge density of 900 kg·m-3 and 840 kg·m-3,the average detonation velocities are 4384 m·s-1 and 2345 m·s-1;the corresponding continuous velocity ranges are 3370-4592 m·s-1 and 2871-3420 m·s-1.The detonation velocity measured by the continuous velocity probe method is in accord with the detonation velocity measured by the traditional electrometric method,and the continuous velocity probe method can even give the true course of detonation development for industrial explosive.
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