Influence of the Membrane Pore Conductance on Tangential Streaming Potential
Mohammed Adil SbaiAnthony SzymczykPatrick FievetAntoine SorinA. VidonneStéphane Pellet‐RostaingAlain Favre‐RéguillonMarc Lemaire
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Tangential streaming potential technique is an attractive way to characterize the electrokinetic properties of various kinds of materials such as films or flat membranes with a dense or a porous structure. However, the interpretation of data in terms of zeta potential is usually carried out by doing the implicit assumption of nonconducting substrates. In the present paper, we investigate the electrokinetic properties of a commercial ultrafiltration membrane, the porous structure of which affects the streaming potential because streaming and conduction currents involved in the streaming potential process do not flow through identical paths (the streaming current flows only through the slit channel formed by the two membrane samples facing each other whereas a non-negligible part of the conduction current is likely to flow through the membrane pores filled with electrolyte solution). The correct zeta potential value is determined from an extrapolation method for which a set of measurements with various channel heights is required. A very good agreement is obtained with zeta potential values deduced from consecutive streaming potential and total conductance measurements (referred in the text as the direct method). The ratio of the correct zeta potential to the apparent one (given by Helmholtz−Smoluchowski equation) is dependent on the pH which suggests a non-negligible contribution of surface conductance within the membrane pores.Keywords:
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The electrokinetic effects are important in the understanding of electric properties in porous medium. In this study, the streaming potential and streaming current of saturated samples are measured at different concentrations, then three methods are applied to obtain the zeta-potential and electrokinetic coupling coefficient. The study shows that the results obtained from streaming potential and streaming current methods agree well with each other, but the results obtained from simplified streaming potential method become seriously inaccurate at low concentrations due to the influence of surface conductance. This experimental study also provides a reliable estimate of the surface conductivity and its contribution to zeta-potential at given concentrations.
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A method for making a direct measurement of the streaming currents developed by fluid flow through metal capillaries is described, by means of which the electrokinetic (ζ) potentials of bulk metals can be determined. Experimental data proving the validity of the method are presented.
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Electrokinetic phenomena are induced by the relative motion between a fluid and a solid surface and are directly related to the existence of an electric double layer between the fluid and the solid grain surface. Electrokinetics in porous media plays an important role in geophysical applications and environmental applications. The zeta potential is one of the key parameters in electrokinetics. The zeta potential of liquid-rock systems depends on many parameters such as mineral composition of rocks, fluid properties etc. Therefore, the zeta potential is different for various rocks and liquids. In order to measure the zeta potential for fluid saturated porous rocks, streaming potential measurements have been carried out for 8 consolidated samples including natural and artificial rocks saturated with 7 different NaCl solutions. The measured zeta potential is then compared to previously published data for silica-based rocks. The comparison shows that the zeta potential is in good agreement with the experimental data reported in the literature. The results also indicate that the zeta potential depends not only on the electrolyte concentration but also on types of rock.
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The process of electrophoretic deposition depends strongly on the electrokinetic properties and with it the surface properties of the material that will be processed. Different additives, conditioners but also the suspending liquid influence the surface of the applied material by adsorption. Electrokinetic investigations reflect changes in properties at the outermost solid surface very sensitive. Streaming potential measurements are especially suited for studying such changes of surface chemistry at solids with different shapes. Two approaches are applicable: 1. The adsorption process was done before measuring. The result of this process should be shown. In this case it will be interesting to see differences in the functionality of the solid surface. The zeta potential will be measured versus different pH value. 2. The adsorption process will be studied directly. The zeta potential will be determined versus the concentration of the adsorptive. The second approach can be used for investigation of adsorption of multicomponent mixtures. Competing adsorption processes are detectable.
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Many unit operations required in microfluidics can be realised by electrokinetic phenomena. Electrokinetic phenomena are related to the presence of electrical surface charges of microfluidic substrates in contact with a liquid. As surface charges cannot be directly measured, the zeta potential is considered as the relevant parameter instead. PMMA is an attractive microfluidic substrate since micron-sized features can be manufactured at low costs. However, the existence of PMMA surface charges is not well understood and the zeta potential data found in the literature show significant disagreement. In this article, we present a thorough investigation on the zeta potential of PMMA. We use computations of the potential distribution in the electrical double layer to predict the influence of various electrolyte parameters. The generated knowledge is compared to extensive experiments where we investigate the influence of ionic strength, pH, temperature and the nature of the electrolyte. Our findings imply that two different mechanisms influence the zeta potential depending on the pH value. We propose pure shielding in the acidic and neutral milieus while adsorption of co-ions occurs along with shielding in the alkaline milieu.
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Abstract Electrokinetic techniques have proven to be a valuable tool in providing direct information on charge solid/liquid interface. Today, oil industrial companies are looking into electrokinetic techniques with great interest, in order to describe the oil reservoir physics occurring in and near the well bore during production. This paper introduces a new method, which uses streaming potential transient testing to characterize the electrokinetic properties of oil reservoirs. Streaming potential exists in the movement of part of electrical double layers from the charged pore surfaces when fluid flow is induced by an applied pressure gradient. A fully computerized high pressure and high temperature core holder device is utilized to simultaneously measure streaming potential and pressure transient tests. The time behavior of the transient steaming potential is identical to that of fluid pressure when laminar flow is maintained. The transient streaming potential data is a useful quantity for determining the electrokinetic (zeta) potential values produced at the reservoir rock/fluid interface, and is considered an important electrokinetic characteristic that can play a role in reservoir rock properties. In low conductivity liquids, such as petroleum fluids, the surface conduction of reservoir rocks will cause errors in streaming potential measurements and therefore any derived electrokinetic potentials are also affected. The latter is corrected by determining the total electric conductivity of reservoir rocks, including the surface conductivity. The compressibility of reservoir fluid has been shown to affect streaming potential measurements and the results of electrokinetic potentials. We believe that this work is an important addition to the hydraulic and electrokinetic characterizations of oil reservoirs.
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