Peroxidase Isozyme Pattern in Pearl Millet Lines Resistant and Susceptible to Downy Mildew
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Abstract Peroxidase isozyme patterns of five downy mildew (DM) resistant inbred lines (PIB‐57‐1, PIB‐1248, PIB‐1356, PIB‐1364 and PIB‐1440), five susceptible lines (PIB‐1335‐1‐1, PIB‐1314‐2‐2, PIB‐2231‐1, 7042 and PIB‐1530‐1‐1) and DM free plants from the susceptible lines of pearl millet were studied. The results suggested a possible involvement of an isoperoxidase (C9) in imparting the resistance. The involvement of two other isozymes (C5 and C6) was also indicated in the1 resistance mechanism. The specific differentiation m particular isozyme pattern can be a useful criterion for characterization of resistance to downy mildew.The effects of 400 mg/L ethephon treatment on peroxidase isozyme and activity were studied with three varieties of sugarcane,namely,Guitang11,Guitang15 and ROC16 under raining condition The peroxidase isozyme assay showed that there were changes in zymograms of the isozymes in different growth stages The bands of isoenzymes increased along with the technical maturing process Ethephon treatment induced peroxidase isoenzymes,increasing 1～2 bands over the control,and increased peroxidase activities Raining decreased the bands of peroxidase isozymes and the activities,therefore raining was in favor of growth but not for ripening of sugarcane
Ethephon
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Horseradish peroxidase
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The effects of 400 mg/L ethephon treatment on peroxidase isozyme and activity wa studied with three varieies of sugarcane, namely, Guitang 11, Guitang 15 and ROC16 under raining condition. The peroxidase isozyme assay showed that there were changes in zymograms of the isozymes in different growth stages. The bands of isoenzymes in creased along with the tebnical maturing process. Ethephon treatment induced peroxiase isoenzymes, increasing 1～2 bads over the control, and increaseed peroxidase activties. Raining decreased the bands of peroxidse isozymes and the activites, therefore raining was in favor of groth but not for ripening ofsugarcane.
Ethephon
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SUMMARY Peroxidase activity and isozyme patterns were investigated in two leguminous species infected with viruses which produced either local necrotic or systemic chlorotic symptoms. Highest peroxidase activity was recorded when the hosts reacted to infection with necrotic local lesions. No new virus‐specific isozymes were found as a result of infection, but some isozymes, apparently associated with senescence, appeared earlier in extracts from leaves showing necrosis than in extracts from healthy leaves, or from infected leaves showing only very mild chlorosis. Increase in peroxidase activity was accompanied by alteration in isozyme pattern.
Chlorosis
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In common with other disease situations, rust-resistant wheat leaves show a large increase in peroxidase activity during infection. Peroxidase isozymes from healthy or infected lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) near isogenic for resistance and susceptibility to race 56 of Puccinia graminis tritici were separated by gel electrophoresis and the activity of each was estimated by photometric scanning. In order to ensure that the activity of isozymes observed on gels reflected the changes found in peroxidase enzymes assayed spectrophotometrically in extracts, a study was made of extraction procedures, substrates, and reaction conditions for both types of enzyme measurements. Of the 14 isozymes detected in both healthy and infected leaves, increases in only 1 (isozyme 9) were associated consistently with the development of resistant disease reaction at 20 C. Additional evidence was obtained to show that this isozyme can account for the increased peroxidase activity observed in extracts from resistant plants. When plants with high induced peroxidase activity due to resistance at 20 C were treated with ethylene or transferred to 25 C, they reverted to complete susceptibility. However, the disease-induced activity of isozyme 9 did not fall. The data suggest that, in this case, the association of peroxidase with resistance was a consequence of, not a determinant in, resistance.
Stem rust
Rust (programming language)
Puccinia
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Two peroxidase isozymes (Ef 0.43 and 0.53) were detected by electrophoretic analysis in homogenates of Meloidogyne arenaria, M. hapla, M. javanica, and M. incognita females reared on tomato. No peroxidase isozymes were detected electrophoretically in homogenates of adult males, preparasitic larvae, or eggs. Peroxidase isozymes from females reared on bean, eggplant, or tobacco differed from those from females reared on tomato. Bean and eggplant populations had a single peroxidase isozyme each, respectively Ef 0.21 and 0.28. No peroxidase isozymes were detected in tobacco populations under the conditions used, although total activity assays did reveal low levels of peroxidase activity in homogenates of tobacco populations. The peroxidase isozymes detected in females reared on tomato or bean appear similar to the peroxidase isozymes present in root-knot galls, adjacent ungalled roots, and roots from uninoculated plants of the corresponding hosts. The probability is discussed that most of the peroxittase activity associated with Meloidogyne spp. females is of host origin.
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Zymography
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The enzyme peroxidase is widely distributed among the higher plants. Isozymes of peroxidase are known to occur in a variety of tissues in a large number of plant species. In this study, peroxidase isozymes were purified from the extract of pineapple stem through successive steps of ammonium sulfate fractionation, CM-Sepharose CL-6B chromatographies and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatographies. By these steps, twelve isozymes of peroxidase were obtained. Some properties of the isozymes were studied and compared.
Ammonium sulfate
Sepharose
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In the present simulated experiment, effects of several pesticides on peroxidase isozymes of cotton plant are evaluated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Changes and differences of peroxidase isozymes were determined with applying different pesticides, different varieties of cotton, different growth duration and several time intervals. The results showed that enzyme bands of peroxidase isozyme had some various effects in this paper condition.
Polyacrylamide
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