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    Psychiatry training in Europe: Views from the trenches
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    Abstract:
    In the majority of European countries, postgraduate psychiatry training schemes are developed and evaluated by national bodies in accordance with national legislation. In order to harmonise training in psychiatry across Europe, the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) issued a number of recommendations for effective implementation of training programs in psychiatry.To describe the structure and quality assurance mechanisms of postgraduate psychiatric training in Europe.The European Federation of Psychiatry Trainees (EFPT) conducted a survey, which was completed by the representatives of 29 member national psychiatric associations.In most countries (N = 19), the duration of the training programme is 5 years or more. Twenty-six countries have adapted a basic training programme that includes the 'common trunk' (according to UEMS definition) or a modified version of it. In 25 countries, trainees are evaluated several times during their training with a final exam at the end. In 25 countries, official quality assurance mechanisms exist. However, results demonstrate great variations in their implementation.Overall, psychiatric training programmes and assessment methods are largely compatible with one another across Europe. Quality assurance mechanisms, however, vary significantly. These should receive adequate attention by national and international educational policy makers.
    Keywords:
    Forensic psychiatry
    The supervision system of administrative legislation is set up with the rise of administrative legislation. In the process, the emergence of the problems of administrative legislation urges the supervision system of administrative legislation to be con- structed pointedly with the characteristics of administrative legislation. This paper tries to define the supervision system of admin- istrative legislation briefly,and combining with the actual problems in our country to put forward proposals concerning the super- vision system of administrative legislation.
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    Based on the enumeration of environment legislation in Taiyuan,the writer thinks that there are problems existing:formalism is very serious and neglecting attention and research to entity content and realistic question.In this view,the writer suggests we should consummate from five aspects as follows:change the idea of environmental legislation,definite the goal of environmental legislation,speed up the cleaning of environmental legislation,regulate the procedure of environmental legislation and ensure the implementation of environmental legislation,to explore a legislative pattern spreading through legislation in Taiyuan.
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    To make subordinate legislation scientific in China is the objective requirement to implement the scientific development deeply, and is an important prerequisite for the rule of law. There are so many problems in subordinate legislation in China, such as the mind of subordinate legislation, the content of subordinate legislation, the technology of subordinate legislation, and so on. To strengthen subordinate legislation and improve the quality of subordinate legislation, we must establish people-oriented mind, improve the content of legislation, make legislative expert proof system sound, and establish the challenge syste of subordinate legislation.
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    This is a review of the last 25 years' research on forensic psychiatry in Denmark. Thirty studies are reviewed. The studies are categorized on the basis of the types of population they investigate: 1) the background population; 2) criminals; 3) psychiatric patients; 4) forensic patients; and 5) others. The main results are 1) the number of schizophrenic patients under psychiatric treatment orders has increased dramatically; 2) criminal recidivism is common among forensic patients, 3) more than 50% of the forensic patients have a dual diagnosis (substance abuse and psychosis); and 4) the number of homicides committed by schizophrenics has increased. It is concluded that research on forensic psychiatry is a prerequisite for explaining the etiology of the changes in numbers and types of patients and for evaluating and improving forensic examination and treatment.Denmark, Forensic psychiatry, Mentally ill offenders, Review article.
    Forensic psychiatry
    Danish
    Recidivism
    Dual diagnosis
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    Ladies and Gentlemen: We have all heard what passive smoking can do to us. In the next ten minutes or so, I will try to present what European States try to do, through legislation, to protect us. Speaking about legislation can be dull sometimes. However, legislation is an important tool in our fight against smoking and it is necessary to know at least a few things about it.
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    This paper,based on the urgency and necessity of evidence legislation systematically analyses the significance of perfecting evidence legislation and construction model,as well the current legislation state and main existing problems.Furthermore,it absorbs foreign practices and proposes relevant legislation suggestions from our actual conditions,which has profound significance for the research into perfecting evidence legislation and guiding juidical practices
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