West Nile virus infection in humans and other vertebrates
Ivana Hrnjaković-CvjetkovićVesna MiloševićVladimir PetrovićGordana KovačevićJelena RadovanovDejan CvjetkovićAleksandra PatićI. ElezStefan MikicTamaš PetrovićSava LazićAleksandra Jovanović GalovićDušan Petrić
1
Citation
22
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
The West Nile virus is an arthropod borne or ARBO virus from the Flaviviridae family, which is maintained in nature in the transmission cycle between hosting birds and ornithophilic mosquito vectors. The virus is capable of infecting different vertebrate species and 60 mosquito species. The infection in humans can be asymptomatic or it can have different clinical manifestations ranging from light febrile diseases to fatal meningoencephalitis. This paper presents recent findings on the activity of the West Nile virus in Europe, the USA and Serbia. Presented are the results of serological testing of human populations and animals in Serbia, and the methods of molecular diagnostics to prove the existence of the virus.Keywords:
West Nile virus
Flavivirus
Togaviridae
Alphavirus infection
Cite
Citations (0)
West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flavivirus genus family Flaviviridae, was first isolated in 1937 from the blood of a female patient participating in a malaria study in the West Nile district of northern Uganda. Until 1999, the virus was found primarily in the eastern hemisphere with wide
West Nile virus
Flavivirus
Western hemisphere
Cite
Citations (1)
ABSTRACT The recent outbreaks of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in the northeastern United States and other regions of the world have made it essential to develop efficient, sensitive, and rapid protocols for virus surveillance. Laboratory testing is the backbone of any surveillance program. Protocols to detect the presence of WNV have been refined since 1999 for sensitivity, speed, efficiency, and specificity. This paper presents the protocols currently used by the New York State Department of Health to handle vertebrate and mosquito specimens that have been submitted for WNV testing to the Arbovirus Laboratories of the Wadsworth Center.
West Nile virus
Flavivirus
Zika Virus
Cite
Citations (95)
Alphaviruses (
Enzootic
Togaviridae
Cite
Citations (2)
Transmission of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are an emerging global health threat in the last few decades. One important arbovirus family is the Togaviridae, including the species Sindbis virus within the genus Alphavirus. Sindbis virus (SINV) is transmitted by mosquitoes, but available data about the role of different mosquito species as potent vectors for SINV are scarce. Therefore, we investigated seven mosquito species, collected from the field in Germany (Ae. koreicus, Ae. geniculatus, Ae. sticticus, Cx. torrentium, Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens) as well as lab strains (Ae. albopictus, Cx. pipiens biotype molestus, Cx. quinquefasciatus), for their vector competence for SINV. Analysis was performed via salivation assay and saliva was titrated to calculate the amount of infectious virus particles per saliva sample. All Culex and Aedes species were able to transmit SINV. Transmission could be detected at all four investigated temperature profiles (of 18 ± 5 °C, 21 ± 5 °C, 24 ± 5 °C or 27 ± 5 °C), and no temperature dependency could be observed. The concentration of infectious virus particles per saliva sample was in the same range for all species, which may suggest that all investigated mosquito species are able to transmit SINV in Germany.
Sindbis virus
Alphavirus infection
Togaviridae
Culex pipiens
Cite
Citations (8)
West Nile virus (WNV) (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae) is the most widespread arbovirus in the world. A significant range expansion occurred beginning in 1999 when the virus was introduced into New York City. This review highlights recent research into WNV epizootiology and epidemiology, including recent advances in understanding of the host-virus interaction at the molecular, organismal, and ecological levels. Vector control strategies, vaccines, and antivirals, which now must be considered on a global scale, are also discussed.
Epizootiology
West Nile virus
Flavivirus
Arbovirus Infections
Veterinary virology
Cite
Citations (510)
Background and epidemiology: West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family. It is maintained in nature by a cycle involving mosquitoes and birds that occasionally spills over to humans. Outbreaks in humans were first reported in 1937 in Uganda and subsequently
West Nile virus
Flavivirus
Cite
Citations (1)
Flavivirus
Enzootic
West Nile virus
Cite
Citations (1)
In 2002, 329 cases of West Nile illness were reported in Louisiana, including 204 cases of West Nile meningoencephalitis and 125 cases of West Nile fever. Clinical presentation of meningoencephalitis or of West Nile fever was confirmed serologically. There were 24 deaths. Age group distribution showed predominance among persons aged 45 years or older. The epidemic curve, based on date of diagnosis, showed numerous foci progressing in successive waves. The first cases occurred in mid-June. A peak was reached by the first week of August, after which the epidemic progressively subsided.
West Nile virus
Presentation (obstetrics)
Cite
Citations (6)
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arbovirus (genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae) that has recently caused disease outbreaks in the Indian Ocean basin and southern Europe. These outbreaks could be associated with a possible shift in primary vector from Aedes aegypti to Ae. albopictus. To evaluate vector competence differences in possible CHIKV vectors, we evaluated the dose-dependant susceptibility of Florida strains of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti for infection with a La Réunion island strain of CHIKV. Pledget and water-jacketed membrane feeding systems were also evaluated. We show that both Aedes spp. were susceptible to the highest CHIKV doses, whereas only Ae. albopictus developed disseminated infections after exposure to the two lowest doses. Infection rates for both mosquito species were significantly affected by the bloodmeal delivery method used. This information is important in assessing risk of an outbreak of imported CHIKV in the United States, in determining differences in vectorial capacity of these two vector species, and in evaluating arbovirus delivery methods in the laboratory.
Aedes albopictus
Togaviridae
Alphavirus infection
Cite
Citations (66)