A comparative investigation on removal performances of commercial activated carbon, chitosan biosorbent and chitosan/activated carbon composite for cadmium
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Background: The efficacy of NH4Cl-induced activated carbon (NAC) was examined in order to adsorb RR198, an azo reactive model dye, from an aqueous solution.
Methods: The effects of pH (3 to 10), adsorbent dose (0.1 to 1.2 g/L), dye concentration and contact time on the adsorption efficiency were investigated.
Results: The results showed that the removal of dye was highest at a solution pH of 7 and a powder dose of 1.1 g/L. The 85.9%, 72.6% and 65.4% removal of RR198 was obtained for a concentration of 25, 50 and 100 mg/L, respectively, at a relatively short contact time of 30 minutes, and at optimum pH and NAC concentrations of 1 g/L. The experimental data for kinetic analysis illustrated a best fit to the pseudosecond-order model. The study data on equilibrium were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich models; the Langmuir equation provided the best fit for the data.
Conclusion: Therefore, the NAC appears to be an efficient and appropriate adsorbent for the removal of reactive azo dyes from waste streams.
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Studies on removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution using activated pomegranate peel carbon have been carried out at 32°C. Various parameters such as initial concentration of adsorbate, pH, adsorbent dosage and agitation time were studied by conducting batch mode experiments. The experimental adsorption data fitted reasonably well to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The adsorption follows Lagergren first order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameter enthalpy change (DH) suggests exothermic nature of adsorption of Cr(VI) on to activated pomegranate peel carbon.
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Investigations of the adsorptivity of selected activated carbons towards aqueous solutions of carbon tetrachloride have been undertaken. The times necessary to achieve adsorption equilibrium and the course of the adsorption isotherms were determined. The isotherms may be described by the Freundlich, Langmuir or Freundlich–Langmuir equations. The adsorptivities and basic parameters for the dynamic adsorption of carbon tetrachloride on DTO activated carbon were calculated.
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Langmuir adsorption model
Industrial wastewater treatment
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Activated carbon fibers (ACFS) with surface area of 1388 m2/g prepared from paper by chemical activation with KOH has been utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models of adsorption. The effects of pH value on the adsorption capacity of ACFS were also investigated. The rates of adsorption were found to conform to the kinetic model of Pseudo-second-order equation with high values of the correlation coefficients (R>0.998). The Langmuir isotherm was found to fit the experimental data better than the Feundlich isotherm over the whole concentration range. Maximum adsorption capacity of 520 mg/g at equilibrium was achieved. It was found that pH played a major role in the adsorption process, higher pH value favored the adsorption of MB.
Methylene blue
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The aim of this study is to conduct comprehensive studies of Cd (II) ions removal using a low-cost locally available adsorbent which is from agricultural waste. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted for the adsorption of Cd (II) ions from aqueous solution using palm oil fly ash (POFA). The parameters studied include contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage and adsorbate initial concentration. The results showed that the adsorption of Cd (II) ions was very fast initially and equilibration time was achieved after 210 min of contact time. The optimum pH was obtained at pH 9.0. High pH (≥ 9.0) favours the adsorption and removal of Cd (II) ions from aqueous solution. As the adsorbent dosage increased, the removal of Cd increased, whereas the adsorption capacity decreased. Higher initial concentration led to lower removal percentages but higher adsorption capacity. The adsorption behavior of Cd (II) ions fitted Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms well, but followed Langmuir isotherm more precisely, with a maximum adsorption capacity and R2 value of 15.823 mg/g and 1.0 respectively. The applicability of Langmuir isotherm suggested the formation of monolayer coverage of Cd (II) ions at the outer surface of the adsorbent. Therefore, this study demonstrated that POFA could be used successfully for adsorption of Cd (II) ions from aqueous solution.
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Activated carbon (AC) prepared from parthenium was used to remove Hg(II) from aqueous solution by adsorption technique under varying conditions of agitation time, metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and pH. Adsorption equilibrium reached within 165 min for all concentrations studied (10 to 50 mg/L). Adsorption is dependents on solution pH, Hg(II) concentration, carbon concentration and contact time. Adsorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity was found to be 10 mg/g of AC at initial pH of 5.0 at 30+2°C for the particle size of 125-250μm. The percent removal increased with pH from 2 to 6 and remained constant up to pH 10.0.
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Nitric acid
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