Neuronal cell death and population dynamics in the developing rat geniculate ganglion
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Geniculate
Geniculate ganglion
Abstract Pain in the ear is a common complaint for which patients consult their otolaryngologist. A rare cause is geniculate neuralgia, which has also been called tic douloureux of the nervus intermedius. In its most typical form, it is characterized by severe paroxysmal neuralgic pain centered directly in the ear. The pain may also be of gradual onset and of a dull, persistent nature, with occasional sharp, stabbing pain. The diagnostic features and two new surgical techniques for its treatment are described. Afferent sensory facial nerve fibers are shown to pass not only through the nervus intermedius, but also through the main motor trunk of the facial nerve. Excision of the nervus intermedius and/or of the geniculate ganglion by the middle cranial fossa approach without the production of facial paralysis, in any of 15 cases with geniculate neuralgia is reported. Use of these new techniques, sometimes in combination with selective section of the Vth cranial nerve, has been successful in relieving the pain of geniculate neuralgia.
Geniculate ganglion
Geniculate
Facial paralysis
Cranial nerves
Facial muscles
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Hemangioma of the facial nerve may occur more frequently than previously recognized. This benign vascular tumor most often arises in the area of the geniculate ganglion, although the reason for this site of predilection is not known. Using silicon injection and cross-sectional vessel counts, we recently demonstrated the presence of a geniculate capillary plexus (GCP) in the cat. The present study was designed to identify a similar GCP in man, if present, and to relate if to the site of predilection of hemangioma of the facial nerve. Twenty-five human facial nerves were studied in horizontally sectioned temporal bones. A clinical case of hemangioma arising at the geniculate ganglion is presented. The human geniculate ganglion has a very rich capillary plexus in contrast to the poor intrinsic vasculature of the adjacent labyrinthine segment and nioderate vasculature of the tympanic segment of the facial nerve. We hypothesize that the GCP is the origin of most hemangiomas of facial nerve. The anatomic distinctness of the geniculate gangion and GCP from the facial nerve may allow removal of these tumors with preservation of motor function in certain cases.
Geniculate ganglion
Geniculate
Capillary hemangioma
Plexus
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A rare cause of otalgia is geniculate neuralgia. In its most typical form, it is characterized by severe paroxysmal neuralgic pain centered directly in the ear. The pain can be of a gradual onset and of a dull, persistent nature, but occasionally it is sharp and stabbing. When the pain becomes intractable, an operation to surgically excise the nervus intermedius and geniculate ganglion via the middle cranial fossa approach is indicated. The purpose of this article is to review the long-term outcomes in 64 patients who were treated in this manner. Findings indicate that excision of the nervus intermedius and geniculate ganglion can be routinely performed without causing facial paralysis and that it is an effective definitive treatment for intractable geniculate neuralgia.
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Geniculate
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Geniculate ganglion
Geniculate
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Geniculate ganglion
Geniculate
Facial weakness
Facial paralysis
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Geniculate ganglion
Geniculate
Neuroma
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Geniculate ganglion meningiomas are extremely rare lesions-only 14 cases have been reported in the literature.Two new cases of these tumors are described.On computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, both le- sions appeared centered on the area of the geniculate ganglion, extending to the tympanic cleft and eroding the middle cranial fossa floor.The first case was treated through a middle cranial fossa approach.Because the tumor was so large in the second case, a subtotal petrosectomy was used.The authors review the lit- erature to clarify the clinical and radiological characteristics of these tumors and their surgical treatment.
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Geniculate
Middle cranial fossa
Middle fossa
Lateral geniculate nucleus
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Fractures of the pyramid, longitudinal fractures in the majority of cases, lead to a damage of the facial nerve in the surrounding of the geniculate ganglion. This area has to be controlled surgically when a facial nerve paralysis occurs after a head injury.
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Geniculate
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Geniculate neuralgia or nervus intermedius (NI) neuralgia is a rare condition characterized by intermittent, severe, stabbing deep ear pain. The pain can be triggered by stimulation of the external ear and is sometimes accompanied by facial pain. The condition is thought to result, in part, from vascular compression of the NI, although other etiologies exist. To date, fewer than 150 cases have been described in the English-language literature, and only 1 case of surgically treated geniculate neuralgia with microvascular decompression (MVD) of cranial nerves VIII, IX, and X has been described in a pediatric patient. Here, the authors present the case of an adolescent boy with bilateral geniculate neuralgia treated at two different time points with sectioning of the NI and MVD.
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Geniculate
Microvascular Decompression
Etiology
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We present the case of a 34-year-old Japanese woman with cholesteatoma of the middle ear. During the operation, this patient showed an unusual position of the geniculate ganglion. We reviewed the computed tomography (CT) images targeting the ear of the present case after the operation. We found that the shortest ranges from the ampullated end of the superior semicircular canal to the geniculate ganglion fossa were 5.1 mm on both sides. We did not find any cases with obvious dislocation of the geniculate ganglion among the 67 cases for which we had performed tympanoplasty. Displacement of the geniculate ganglion is either extremely rare or typically unnoticed because this abnormality is asymptomatic. We speculated that the unusual position of the geniculate ganglion was due to an incomplete development of the tympanic tegmen. When surgical treatment such as decompression of the facial nerve or tympanoplasty is performed, close attention should always be paid to the anatomy of the facial nerve from the labyrinthine segment to the geniculate ganglion. In the present case, although connective tissues existed around the anterior epitympanic recess, we left this lesion to avoid iatrogenic facial palsy.
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Geniculate
Scarpa's ganglion
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