P1-162 ApoB/A1 identifies cardiovascular risk in childhood: the Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort Study
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Functional illiteracy
Life course approach
Functional illiteracy
Adult literacy
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Illiteracy is conducted under the fundamental,functional and cultural stages considering the development and contents of world illiteracy elimination.Based on the review of the previous practices,a new idea of developmental illiteracy elimination is proposed.Detailed explanations are made on the new idea considering the evaluation standard,the subject of illiteracy and the practices,showing that illiteracy is an essential,dynamic and lifelong task for all people.
Functional illiteracy
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Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Sobieum on decrease of BMI and obesity index of obese children. Methods 66 children (33 boys, 33 girls) were involved in this study. We measured height and weight for each time their visit, and calculated BMI and obesity index. Results After medication, BMI level and obesity index were significantly reduced (p
Body volume index
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Abstract Obesity, defined as a body mass index > 30 kg/m 2 is relatively common in Europe, particularly among women, and especially in Southern and Eastern European countries. Among men the distribution of body mass index values is surprisingly similar in most countries of Europe. Educational level is strongly inversely associated with the prevalence of obesity. Although differences in body mass index cannot entirely explain the large variation in risk factors and mortality from coronary heart disease, it can be shown that within populations an increased body mass index is associated with less favorable risk patterns. More research is needed to elucidate the reasons for the large variation in the prevalence of obesity among European women and to the health risks associated with obesity in different European countries.
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Obesity is a serious international health problem that increases the risk of several common diseases. The genetic factors predisposing to obesity are poorly understood. A genome-wide search for type 2 diabetesâsusceptibility genes identified a common variant in the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene that predisposes to diabetes through an effect on body mass index (BMI). An additive association of the variant with BMI was replicated in 13 cohorts with 38,759 participants. The 16% of adults who are homozygous for the risk allele weighed about 3 kilograms more and had 1.67-fold increased odds of obesity when compared with those not inheriting a risk allele. This association was observed from age 7 years upward and reflects a specific increase in fat mass.
FTO gene
Odds
Genome-wide Association Study
Genetic predisposition
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There are several ways to measure fatness and obesity, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The primary measure for tracking the prevalence of obesity has historically been body mass index (BMI). This paper compares long-run trends in the prevalence of obesity when obesity is defined using skinfold thickness instead of body mass index (BMI), using data from the full series of U.S. National Health Examination Surveys. The results indicate that when one uses skinfold thicknesses rather than BMI to define obesity, the rise in the prevalence of obesity is detectable ten to twenty years earlier. This underscores the importance of examining multiple measures of fatness when monitoring or otherwise studying obesity.
Skinfold thickness
Body volume index
Tracking (education)
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Gold standard (test)
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The extreme degree of illiteracy, absolute illiteracy, is easily identified and is incorporated in the statistics of the countries. However, there is another more generalized level of illiteracy that is not included in the statistics, and whose sequels are observed in daily life: Functional illiteracy, which refers to the inability to possess such mastery of literacy and arithmetic skills to enable the person to use their knowledge in favor of their own economic and social development as well as that of their community (Unesco, 1970). Functional illiteracy overlaps in the surveys because countries are interested in showing a very high percentage in the indicators of literate population.
Functional illiteracy
Adult literacy
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The prevalence of obesity among children and adults is increasing worldwide. There are substantial health risks and financial costs associated with the obesity epidemic that impact the practice of orthopaedic surgery. Patients with increased body mass index are more prone to sustaining distal extremity injuries than are those with a normal body mass index. Obese individuals are more likely than nonobese individuals to seek treatment for osteoarthritis of the knee.
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