Particulate emissions from large-scale medium-speed diesel engines: 1. Particle size distribution
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We proposed four novel PAF materials with extremely low density and unprecedented high free volume ratio, which were predicted to possess ultrahigh gravimetric hydrogen uptake reaching the DOE 2015 gravimetric targets at room temperature based on GCMC simulation calculations.
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In most studies of exposures to man-made mineral fibres both fibre number and total mass concentration have been measured, but, generally, correlations between these measures were found only for data pooled by plant or activity rather than for individual samples; also, there were differences between fibre types. Gravimetric measurements have practical advantages and suggestions have been made to approach MMMF exposure evaluation either on a dual gravimetric/fibre count basis or by use of a gravimetric screening test. This paper describes Danish experience in the derivation and performance of a gravimetric screening limit value (SLV) as against a ‘correct’ hygienic index which combines both respirable fibre and total mass concentrations. The system is considered to have many advantages, but the adopted SLV should be checked before use under new or changed conditions.
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The aim of this work is to study the suitability and limitations of a new gravimetric hydrogen evolution (HE) collection method for corrosion rate determination on pure Mg. This method, originally developed by Curioni [1], is based on the real-time weight measurement of the H 2 produced during dissolution and exhibits a higher accuracy level as well as better collection efficiency than the traditional volumetric method. The gravimetric HE collection method overcomes some of the limitations exhibited by the traditional volumetric HE method, where hydrogen gas tends to accumulate at the walls of the funnel and the burette, leading to a lower determination of the amount of H 2 produced and thus, an underestimation of the HE rate. The gravimetric HE collection method also exhibits good suitability for the study of Mg alloys with high corrosion resistance and for short experimental times, where the low levels of H 2 produced prevents reliable measurements of the amount of gas evolved by the volumetric HE collection method. The gravimetric HE collection method is also applicable for dynamic measurements, i.e. potentiodynamic and galvanodynamic polarizations. The gravimetric method was evaluated for the study of anodic HE on pure Mg (also termed Negative Difference Effect (NDE)), which is characteristic of Mg and its alloys when they are forced to dissolve at anodic potentials from the E corr . Possible artifacts and experimental limitations of the gravimetric experimental method will be discussed. [1] M. Curioni, The behaviour of magnesium during free corrosion and potentiodynamic polarization investigated by real-time hydrogen measurement and optical imaging, Electrochim. Acta 120 (2014) 284-292.
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The accurate measurement of adsorbed gas up to high pressures (∼100 bars) is critical for the development of new materials for adsorbed gas storage. The typical Sievert-type volumetric method introduces accumulating errors that can become large at maximum pressures. Alternatively, gravimetric methods employing microbalances require careful buoyancy corrections. In this paper, we present a combination gravimetric and volumetric system for methane sorption measurements on samples between ∼0.5 and 1 g. The gravimetric method described requires no buoyancy corrections. The tandem use of the gravimetric method allows for a check on the highest uncertainty volumetric measurements. The sources and proper calculation of uncertainties are discussed. Results from methane measurements on activated carbon MSC-30 and metal-organic framework HKUST-1 are compared across methods and within the literature.
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On the basis of our modeling of pillared covalent organic frameworks (PCOFs) with pyridine molecules inserted between the COF-1 layers, we propose that the surface area and free volume of storage materials should be balanced to increase the gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen uptake capacities. Density functional theory and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations show that these PCOFs have significantly improved gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacities of 8.8–10.0 wt % and 58.7–61.7 g L–1, respectively.
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The present theories and experimental methods to evaluate the swelling behaviors by gravimetric measurement were experimentally tested for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. It was found that the swelling behaviors and swelling kinetic parameters, such as diffusion exponent n, by gravimetric measurement may be greatly influenced by experimental procedures. In this pa- per, both the continuous (denoted as scheme A) and the separated (scheme B) experimental procedures of the gravimetric method to evaluate the swelling behaviors were presented and the difference between the two schemes were analyzed. The results suggest that the continuous diffusion of water molecules in films during gravimetric determination may be the key factor affecting the swelling behaviors. The advantages and disadvantages of the two schemes were discussed. It was concluded that an appropriate selection of experimental schemes is effective to extend the applicability range of gravimetric methodology and to increase the accuracy of gravimetric measurement.
Gravimetric analysis
Polyvinyl Alcohol
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Both volumetric method and gravimetric method can be used for determination of Zn in thiofide ZDBC.The gravimetric method is easy to operate but it spents more analysis time.Also the analytical result of gravimetric method is a little higher than that of the volumetri method.
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