An Efficient Secure Routing Protocol Based on Token Escrow Tree for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
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Abstract:
최근 무선 네트워크 기술이 각광을 받으면서 다양한 애드 혹 환경에서의 라우팅 프로토콜이 제안되고 있다. 하지만 애드 혹 네트워크라는 환경의 특성 상 보안상 취약한 문제점을 가지고 있으며, 기존의 유선 네트워크 환경에서 제안되었던 보안 라우팅 프로토콜을 적용시키기 힘들다는 문제점이 있다. 이에 따라 Secure AODV나 SRPTES 등의 보안성을 고려한 새로운 애드 혹 라우팅 프로토콜이 제안되었지만 다양한 무선 네트워크 환경의 변화에 유동적으로 대응하기 힘들고 보안적인 측면에 집중을 한 나머지 에너지소모 측면에서는 단점을 노출하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 애드 혹 네트워크 환경에 적용 가능하고, 기존의 보안 라우팅 프로토콜에 비해 에너지 효율적인 보안 라우팅 프로토콜을 제안하고자 한다. 보안 정보의 보호를 위해 Tree 구조를 도입하고 보안 단계를 통한 Multi-path를 구성하여 악의적인 노드의 Dropping Attack에 대비하여, 예기치 못한 Data Packet의 손실에 대해서도 효율적으로 대처하게 하였다. 실험 결과 악의적인 노드가 존재하는 네트워크 환경에서 기존의 애드 혹 네트워크 보안 라우팅 프로토콜보다 패킷 전송 성공률을 21%정도 향상시킬 수 있었으며 또한 각 노드의 에너지를 균등하게 소모함으로써 전체적인 네트워크의 생존시간이 연장되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Routing protocol in ad hoc mobile networking has been an active research area in recent years. However, the environments of ad hoc network tend to have vulnerable points from attacks, because ad hoc mobile network is a kind of wireless network without centralized authentication or fixed network infrastructure such as base stations. Also, existing routing protocols that are effective in a wired network become inapplicable in ad hoc mobile networks. To address these issues, several secure routing protocols have been proposed: SAODV and SRPTES. Even though our protocols are intensified security of networks than existing protocols, they can not deal fluidly with frequent changing of wireless environment. Moreover, demerits in energy efficiency are detected because they concentrated only safety routing. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient secure routing protocol for various ad hoc mobile environment. First of all, we provide that the nodes distribute security information to reliable nodes for secure routing. The nodes constitute tree-structured with around nodes for token escrow, this action will protect invasion of malicious node through hiding security information. Next, we propose multi-path routing based security level for protection from dropping attack of malicious node, then networks will prevent data from unexpected packet loss. As a result, this algorithm enhances packet delivery ratio in network environment which has some malicious nodes, and a life time of entire network is extended through consuming energy evenly.Keywords:
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In ad hoc networks, where there is no infrastructure, batteries lifetime are scare resource. However, many routing protocols in ad hoc networks have been proposed to provide and maintain routes without taking into account energy consumption. Recently, power control in mobile ad-hoc networks has been the focus of extensive research. In this paper, we propose a new scheme to make energy aware routing in OLSR (optimized link state routing protocol). OLSR is one of the routing protocols under study by the IETF MANET Working Group. We develop a new heuristic that allow OLSR to find an optimal power path in which the maximum energy consumption on that path is smaller among the maximum energy consumption of all possible paths. We discuss via simulation the interplay between routing in new OLSR protocol and the medium access control (MAC). Also we study the overhearing impact on the energy power-aware routing protocol. Simulation results show that our scheme improves classical OLSR routing while taking into account lifetime of the network.
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In this paper, we propose a novel routing algorithm based on the network cartography which is collected using an asynchronous distributed cartography gathering algorithm. Each node senses its own dynamics and chooses locally an appropriate routing size. As such stationary nodes generate little signaling traffic, however fast moving nodes choose small routing periods to mitigate the effect of mobility. Moreover, every node integrates a self regulating process that dynamically regulates the already chosen routing period to track the timely evolution of the node dynamics. The performance of our proposed routing protocol are evaluated and compared to the known OLSR through extensive simulations. First, we show that the collected network cartography maintains over time a validity ratio above 97 percent even for high node speed. Second, while our proposed routing protocol provides around 97 percent routing validity, the OLSR can hardly deliver more than 60 percent. Third, the proposed protocol provides much more throughput than OLSR and much less end to end delay at moderate to high speeds and workloads.
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A quality-of-service (QoS) routing protocol is developed for mobile ad hoc networks. We perform the proposed QoS-based routing in the optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol, introducing a more appropriate metric than the hop distance. In our simulations the QoS routing protocol produces better performance comparing with the best-effort OLSR protocol.
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Localization protocol is important for estimating node positions in a wireless multi-hop network. Routing protocol is also important for controlling paths. In previous research, localization and routing protocols have been discussed and evaluated separately. In this paper, we propose an integrated protocol for the optimized link state routing (OLSR) and OLSR based localization (ROULA). Our protocol enables simultaneous localization and routing. ROULA's localization is performed using OLSR overhead such as hello packets and routing tables. The routing overheads and the processing procedures can be efficiently integrated. We demonstrate that the integrated protocol for ROULA and OLSR enables simultaneous localization and routing.
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The optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol is a proactive routing protocol for Wireless Mobile Adhoc Networks. This protocol is considered to be efficient for large and dense networks. Ad-hoc wireless sensor networks are a subset of mobile adhoc networks with limited resources. In this paper simulation results of using OLSR for wireless sensor network comprising of both the static and the mobile nodes has been analysed. For simulation purpose QualNet5.0 has been used as the tool.
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The increasing demand of multimedia applications requires a new behavior of routing protocols in wireless ad-hoc networks. It is necessary to support many requirements for quality of services (QoS) to meet user expectations. This paper is an analysis of the proposed quality-aware routing mechanism based on Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol, from a perspective of the network and the user. The experimental tests were performed to demonstrate the performance of our solutions considering different evaluation metrics.
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In this paper we study the channel occupation induced by the OLSR proactive routing protocol used in a linear Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET). Unlike previous studies which usually use simulations to evaluate the overhead of routing protocols, we derive a simple analytical model to carry out this evaluation. Moreover, we do not evaluate the total overhead induced by the routing protocol as is usually proposed, but for a given node we compute the channel occupation induced by the routing protocol. This paper provides a quantitative approach to evaluating the cost of a proactive routing protocol in a linear vehicular ad hoc network as a function of several parameters such as the frequency of the control messages, the density of the vehicles, the propagation range of the control messages and the carrier sense area.
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In this paper, we study the scalability of OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) protocol, adapted for Multi-hop Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. We present a modified OLSR routing protocol, G-OLSR (Grid-OLSR) which incorporates the advantages of topology-based and position-based routing. The protocol has been designed to serve easier and robust ad hoc network deployments interesting for network operators and service providers, supporting mission-critical applications and innovative services as well as for fully distributed scenarios interesting for spontaneous deployments and mesh-type wireless multi-hop networks. The simulation results corroborates that the proposed schemes performs better than the OLSR routing scheme and from the analyses, we could interpret that G-OLSR is more suited for scalable mobile ad hoc networks.
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