Morphology of the Dorsal Lingual Papillae in the Newborn Panther and Asian Black Bear
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The dorsal lingual surfaces of a newborn panther (Panthera pardus) and two newborn asian black bears (Selenarctos thibetanus) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM ). The tongues of the panther and asian black bear were about 40 mm in length and about 20 mm in width. Filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae were found. The filiform papillae were distributed over the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. In the panther, the filiform papillae on margin of the lingual apex were divided into two shapes which were horny or club-shaped papillae. The filiform papillae on the midportion were larger than those on the lateral region in size. The fungiform papillae also were divided into two shapes which were hemispherical or club-shaped papillae. In the asian black bear, the filiform papillae on the margin of the lingual apex were larger than those on margin of the panther tongue. The vallate papillae in the animals of two species were located on both sides of the posterior end of the lingual body. Each papilla was surrounded by a groove and crescent pad.Keywords:
Lingual papilla
Apex (geometry)
Major duodenal papilla
Morphology
The Bradypusvariegatus inhabits the forests of South America and feeds from leaves, branches and sprouts from different plants. Due to its diet and the lack of literature on the morphological aspect of Xenarthras, five Bradypusvariegatus tongues from animals which died from natural causes were evaluated, and they came from Pará State Museum Emílio Goeldi and were donated to the Laboratory of Animal Morphological Research (LaPMA) from UFRA, for revealing the different types of papillae and epithelial-connective tissue. Macroscopically, the tongues presented elongated shape, rounded apex, body, root, median sulcus in the root's apex, and two vallate papillae. The mucous membrane of the tongue revealed a keratinized stratified pavement epithelium, while the ventral surface of the tongue was thin and smooth, not provided with any type of papillae. However, the dorsal surface of the tongue was irregular with the presence of three types of papillae: filiform, fungiform and vallate papillae. The filiform papillae found were of a simple type, presenting a rounded base, irregularly distributed with a larger concentration and development on the tongue's apex and body. The fungiform papilla showed a practically smooth surface with irregular format, with the presence of gustatory pores; these were found all over the dorsal surface, with larger concentration at the rostral part of the apex. Only two vallate papillae were observed disposed in the root of the tongue, surrounded by a deep groove, and revealing several taste buds. The tongues from Bradypusvariegatus presented gustatory papillae similar to the ones described for other Xenarthras species and wild mammals.
Lingual papilla
Apex (geometry)
Sloth
Morphology
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The microstructure of lingual papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue of adult Egyptian fruit bats was examined by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This elongated tongue with a rounded apex is approximately 3 cm long -- including the 1.7cm length of the anterior free part of the tongue -- which facilitates considerable freedom of movement. The surface of the tongue has four types of lingual papillae: two types of mechanical papillae -- filiform and conical papillae, and two types of gustatory papillae -- fungiform and vallate papillae. Most numerous are filiform papillae with well developed keratinized processes represented by four morphological subtypes -- small, giant, elongated, and bifid papillae. Our observations showed the small and giant filiform papillae to be present in the anterior part of the tongue and tilted to the back of the tongue. In the posterior part of the tongue, the filiform papillae with elongated processes were arranged on each side of the tongue and oriented perpendicularly to the median line of tongue. This arrangement of filiform papillae is considered to be useful for the efficient uptake of semiliquid food as it can be collected toward the median line of the tongue. Gustatory fungiform papillae were distributed among filiform papillae on the border of the apex and the anterior part of the body of the tongue and also on the posterior part of the tongue, while three vallate papillae surrounded by conical papillae were found on the root of the tongue. There were also taste buds along the ducts of the posterior lingual glands in the posterior-lateral part of the tongue. These morphological features are discussed in relation to adaptation to food uptake in the Egyptian fruit bat.
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The purpose of this paper is to describe the research results of the morphological structure of white laboratory rats' tongue at the macro-, micro-, and ultrastructural levels by scanning, light, and transmission electron microscopy.Our results show that the tongue of these rats has a number of unique morphological features that are different from the tongue of other rodents consequently to allow identifying their species-specific features.Our findings have shown the features of the tongue structure of white laboratory rats at micro-, macro-, and ultrascopic levels. The data analysis revealed that mucous membrane of the tongue contains a large number of papillae, such as fungiform, filiform, foliate, vallate, and multifilamentary papillae. Each has a different shape, size, and location. The tongue's morphological feature consists of three types of filiform papillae, well-developed foliate and multifilamentary papillae, as well as one large and similar smaller circumvallate papillae. The muscle of the tongue contains a large number of mitochondria of different shapes and sizes. However, we have received data for a complete picture of structure of this organ that will be useful in further experimental and morphological studies of the white laboratory rats.
Lingual papilla
White (mutation)
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Lingual papilla
Taste bud
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The dorsal lingual surfaces of two adult Japanese marten (Martes melampus) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Filiform, fungiform, vallate and foliate papillae were observed. A small filiform papilla on the apical surface of the tongue had several pointed processes. A small filiform papilla contained the connective tissue core consisting of several small processes. A large filiform papilla of the lingual body consisted of a main papilla and some secondary papillae. A large filiform papilla contained the connective tissue core consisting of processes of various size. The fungiform papillae are round in shape. The connective tissue core of the fungiform papilla had a top with several round depressions. The four vallate papillae were located on both sides of the posterior end of the lingual body and each papilla was surrounded by groove and crescent pad. A zigzag surface structure appeared on the connective tissue core of the vallate papilla. The foliate papillae were seen on the dorsolateral aspect of the tongue and some ridges and grooves were exposed reciprocally. A zigzag surface structures appeared on the connective tissue cores of the ridges of the foliate papillae.
Lingual papilla
Major duodenal papilla
Morphology
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This study was carried out to compare the anatomical structure of tongue in two species of Rattus. For this purpose, the tongue of Rattus norvegicus (8 adult male) and Rattus wistar (8 adult male) was dissected from the root. Macroscopic features of tongue as weight, length and width were measured by calliper. Then, they were fixed in formalin (10%) and prepared by tissue processing. The sections (5 μ) were prepared and subjected to Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Morphometric analyses were performed by light microscopy and progress capture soft ware. The comparative observation in these species were showed that the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium covered dorsal of tongue especially on apex and the lingual torus was on the posterior third. The layers and arrangement of them were similar together but and different in thickness. Nnumerous filiform papillae as mechanical papillae and a few fungiform and one circumvallate papillae as gustatory papillae were observed on dorsum of tongue. Distribution and density of filliform and fungiform papillae were different. Lingual glands were found spatially on posterior of ventral surface. According to these results, the structure of tongue in both species is somewhat similar and differences due to adaptations for verity of diet.
Comparative Study
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Histologically the dorsal surface of rabbit tongue was Coverd by stratified squamous epithelium , from lingual epithelium progect me chanical papillae which represented by filiform papillae was similar to threads like and distributed on the entire dorsal surface of the tongue , and gustatory papillae were included , fungi – form like cone – shape or musbroow like , located at apex and dorso – lateral surface of tongue , contain few taste – buds in their walls while the circumrallate papillae wererounded in shapes and surrounded by trenches and their walls with numerous taste buds . the foliate papillae similar to ridges that separated by groove . the foliate papillae more developed in the rabbits tongue when compared with other mammalian tongue . the core of the tongue consist of skeletal muscle bundles , interlaced in many direction ( longitudinal , oblique , vertical and transverse )
Lingual papilla
Apex (geometry)
Groove (engineering)
Stratified squamous epithelium
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Lingual papilla
Major duodenal papilla
Taste bud
Taste receptor
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Abstract The number of fungiform papillae has been counted on the tongues of six adult cats and of kittens both at birth and aged 2 and 4 months. Papillae were sampled from different regions of the tongue, and their size and the number of taste buds they contained were determined using histological sections taken parallel to the tongue surface. There were approximately 250 fungiform papillae on the tongues of the adult cats, the papillae were most numerous at the tip of the tongue, and there was no significant difference between the number of papillae on each side. The size of the papillae increased from a mean maximum diameter of 0.28 mm at the tip of the tongue to 0.48 mm at the back; the mean number of taste buds increased correspondingly from 6.9 to 16.6. The kitten tongues had a number and distribution of fungiform papillae similar to that found in the adults. In the neonate, papillae were smaller and contained fewer taste buds; these parameters increased with the corresponding increase in tongue size in the 2‐ and 4‐month‐old kittens.
Lingual papilla
Kitten
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Any part of the human body that communicates with the external environment is covered by a moist lining called mucous membrane. In the oral cavity, this membrane is called oral mucosa. The oral mucosa performs different functions like protection of deeper tissues, sensation of different stimuli, and secretion of saliva. Mucosa of the dorsum of the tongue contains four distinct groups of papillae that is fungiform, filiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae. Fungiform papillae are club-shaped/mushroom-shaped and present between the many distributed filiform papillae on the anterior tongue. Filiform papillae are hair-like projections forming a coating on anterior two thirds of the tongue. Circumvallate Papilla are one of the gustatory papillae of the tongue as they usually contain taste buds. Taste buds are located on the tongue and help in identification of sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami taste sensations.
Lingual papilla
Taste bud
Oral mucosa
Umami
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