Spontaneous fetal behavior after maternal exposure to ethanol
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Amniocentesis
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A new method for the evaluation of ethanol-producing capability of microzyme had been developed.In the experiments,while microzyme cells were cultured in cell culture mediums under aerobic conditions,ethanol-producing microzyme strains YE-1,YE-2 and YE-3 were cultured for alcohol fermentation in liquid culture mediums under anaerobic conditions.The amount of glucose consumption in alcohol fermentation liquid mediums was detected by spectrophotometric assay.Then alcohol concentration was calculated according to the amount of glucose consumption for alcohol fermentation.The alcohol concentration in these three alcohol fermentation alcohol mediums were 4.03 mg/mL,3.50 mg/mL and 3.77 mg/mL respectively,and then ethanol-producing capability of each strain was revealed.
Ethanol Fermentation
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Since allyl alcohol and ethanol are both metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) , ethanol could affect allyl-alcohol induced toxicity under in vivo coexposure conditions. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with ethanol (2 g/kg, ip) simultaneously or 2 h before with allyl alcohol (40 mg/kg, ip) . Coexposure to allyl alcohol and ethanol resulted in neither enhancement nor protection in allyl alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity at 24 h. However, markedly increased lethality was observed under our coexposure conditions. Pretreatment with 4-methylpyrazole (4- MP) to inhibit ADH did not result in increased lethality to allyl alcohol or ethanol alone, but significantly reduced the lethality of the combined treatment. In contrast, ALDH inhibition increased the lethality of allyl alcohol alone as well as that of the combined allyl alcohol and ethanol treatment. Kinetic studies revealed that combined treatment with allyl alcohol and ethanol resulted in higher blood allyl alcohol levels compared to allyl alcohol alone, and these were accompanied by greater lethality. ADH inhibition increased allyl alcohol blood levels significantly when rats were treated with allyl alcohol alone or allyl alcohol plus ethanol, leading to protection against lethality. In contrast, ALDH inhibition did not affect blood allyl alcohol levels, but resulted in increased lethality. These data suggest a possible role for a metabolite of allyl alcohol, acrolein, in the increased lethality of allyl alcohol and ethanol coexposure in rats.
Allyl alcohol
Acrolein
Lethality
Ethanol metabolism
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With acid, alcohol tail was added into 0.26 g / L ethanol solution of ethyl caproate(15%), the alcohol was stored at 22℃ for 75 days, then test periodically(0days/15days/45days/75days) assay solution changes in ethyl acetate content. The results showed that acid and alcohol tail can make low concentration of ethanol solution of ethyl caproate content increased. Compared with wine tail, acid effects on low concentration of ethanol in ethyl acetate content more useful. Enhance the acidic environment during the storage period, will definately bring the effect that content under conditions of low concentrations of ethanol, ethyl caproate get increased.
Ethanol content
Alcohol content
Ethyl ester
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Breath alcohol devices are routinely employed by emergency department personnel to reflect blood ethanol levels. No data have been published using these devices following the ingestion of "alcohol-free" beer that are required to contain < 0.5% alcohol. We performed a prospective, randomized, unblinded study on 8 healthy male volunteers that abstained from alcohol for 48 h and fasted for 10 h. Each subject ingested a 6-pack of alcohol-free beer over 1 h; breath alcohol determinations were made at 30, 60 and 120 min. Elevated breath alcohol levels were obtained at 30 and 60 min and decreased in all but 1 subject by 120 min. The elevated breath alcohol levels at 30 and 60 min may represent the previously reported "mouthwash" effect.
Unit of alcohol
Volunteer
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To estimate and prevent the effects of prenatal alcohol on the central nervous system (CNS), brain dysfunction in fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE) was compared by both epidemiological and experimental studies. The FAS infants exhibited a more severe degree of CNS involvement than the FAE infants. The CNS involvement features were developmental delay and intellectual impairment in both FAS and FAE. The increased risk of low birth weight and CNS involvement were much more significant in women who were heavy drinkers or alcoholics and smoked. The beneficial effect of supplementary zinc on the fetal cerebrum of FAS or FAE rats was limited, never reaching the unexposed control level. One of the most vulnerable structures in the rat fetus exposed to ethanol in utero was the synaptic formation in the hippocampus. The consistent dysmorphogenesis of synapses during early brain development may be associated with the functional impairment of the CNS in FAS and FAE.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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Ethanol metabolism
Liquid diet
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Ethanol metabolism
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Ethyl Chloride
Ethyl ester
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In equimolar amounts ethanol and trichloroethylene were administered intraperitoneally to male ICR mice in varying sequences. The sequence of administration proved to be decisive for the blood alcohol levels. In relation to ethanol alone following the simultaneous administration of trichloroethylene and ethanol the blood alcohol levels were elevated. This effect is furthermore enhanced if trichloroethylene was administered 1 h prior to ethanol administration. The reversed sequence had no effect on blood alcohol levels.
Sequence (biology)
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