A4-07: Prognostic factors for survival of stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: a population-based analysis of 19,702 stage I patients in the California Cancer Registry (CCR) from 1989 to 2003
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Lung cancer is still a leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. The incidence of lung cancer in developed countries started to decrease mainly due to global anti-smoking campaigns. However, the incidence of lung cancer in women has been increasing in recent decades for various reasons. Furthermore, since the screening of lung cancer is not as yet very effective, clinically applicable molecular markers for early diagnosis are much required. Lung cancer in women appears to have differences compared with that in men, in terms of histologic types and susceptibility to environmental risk factors. This suggests that female lung cancer can be derived by carcinogenic mechanisms different from those involved in male lung cancer. Among female lung cancer patients, many are non-smokers, which could be studied to identify alternative carcinogenic mechanisms independent from smoking-related ones. In this paper, we reviewed molecular susceptibility markers and genetic changes in lung cancer tissues observed in female lung cancer patients, which have been validated by various studies and will be helpful to understand the tumorigenesis of lung cancer.
Genetic predisposition
Epidemiology of cancer
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Background Although most people with relapsing onset multiple sclerosis (R-MS) eventually transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), little is known about disability progression in SPMS. Methods All R-MS patients in the Cardiff MS registry were included. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine a) hazard of converting to SPMS and b) hazard of attaining EDSS 6.0 and 8.0 in SPMS. Results 1611 R-MS patients were included. Older age at MS onset (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, 95%CI 1.01–1.03), male sex (HR 1.71, 95%CI 1.41–2.08), and residual disability after onset (HR 1.38, 95%CI 1.11–1.71) were asso- ciated with increased hazard of SPMS. Male sex (EDSS 6.0 HR 1.41 [1.04–1.90], EDSS 8.0 HR 1.75 [1.14–2.69]) and higher EDSS at SPMS onset (EDSS 6.0 HR 1.31 [1.17–1.46]; EDSS 8.0 HR 1.38 [1.19–1.61]) were associated with increased hazard of reaching disability milestones, while older age at SPMS was associated with a lower hazard of progression (EDSS 6.0 HR 0.94 [0.92–0.96]; EDSS 8.0: HR 0.92 [0.90–0.95]). Conclusions Different factors are associated with hazard of SPMS compared to hazard of disability progres- sion after SPMS onset. These data may be used to plan services, and provide a baseline for comparison for future interventional studies and has relevance for new treatments for SPMS RobertsonNP@cardiff.ac.uk
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Based on technique of cancer registration there are three types of cancer registry. These types are: 1.pathology department-based cancer registry 2.hospitl -based cancer registry 3. population-based cancer registry. Each of these types has its own method and characteristics. The aim of pupulation-based cancer registry is ib evaluate and control the trends of cancer in the community. This field has very close relation with cancer epidemiology. The prospect of the population-based cancer registry in Indonesia depends on various conditions. It is concluded that the Special Province of Yogyakarta could fulfill the conditions for the purpose of developing population-based cancer registry in Indonesia, while Bali is an ideal place for population-based cancer registry in Indonesia. Therefore, other conditions are needed for this purpose. Key Words: population-based cancer registry - technique of cancer registration - characteristics of cancer registry - cancer control in the community - cancer epidemiology
Epidemiology of cancer
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Population Based Cancer Registry plays a crucial role in cancer control through identifying cancer incidence, mortality, pattern and trends over time in a particular population. The registry is in a very infancy stage in Nepal. During the process of establishing Population Based Cancer Registry in Nepal, the major challenges include adequate coverage of the cases, high cost of registration, sustainability along with expansion of the registry to other regions and non-linkage of Hospital Based Cancer Registry with Population Based Cancer Registry. However, the approach of mobilization of field enumerators at the end of year once had increased coverage of the cases. Similarly, the linkage of Population Based Cancer Registry with the existing Health Management and Information System will help in developing sustainable Population Based Cancer Registry and also provides an opportunity to increase coverage and expand it to other districts as well.
Keywords: Challenges; Nepal; population based cancer registry; way forward
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Cancer Biomarkers
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Objective:To investigate the expression level of adrenomedulin(ADM)in lung cancer patients,the relationship be- tween ADM and the pathological type and stage of lung cancer.Methods:We determined the content of ADM in plasma of 20 healthy adults,24 non-lung cancer patients and 61 lung cancer patients by use of radioimmunoassay.Results:The content of ADM in the plasma of healthy control group was 30.25±8.12 pg/L,lung cancer group was 40.17±19.23 pg/L,there was significant difference between them(P＜0.05) ;The content of ADM in the plasma of non-lung cancer group was 27.94±6.75 pg/L,compared with lung cancer group,there was significant difference(P＜0.01 );Small cell lung cancer group compared with non-small cell lung cancer group,the content of ADM in plasma had no significant difference(P＞0.{)5) ;Ⅰ-Ⅲstage of lung cancer group compared withⅣstage group,the content of ADM in plasma had significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion: The expression level of ADM in plasma of lung cancer increased,the expression level of ADM was correlated with the stage of lung cancer and distant metastasis,No correlation was found between ADM level and the pathological type of lung cancer. Therefore,detecting ADM in plasma had great value in lung cancer diagnosis and staging,and provided a new way to lung cancer diagnosis.
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The hazard ratio and median survival time are the routine indicators in survival analysis. We briefly introduced the relationship between hazard ratio and median survival time and the role of proportional hazard assumption. We compared 110 pairs of hazard ratio and median survival time ratio in 58 articles and demonstrated the reasons for the difference by examples. The results showed that the hazard ratio estimated by the Cox regression model is unreasonable and not equivalent to median survival time ratio when the proportional hazard assumption is not met. Therefore, before performing the Cox regression model, the proportional hazard assumption should be tested first. If proportional hazard assumption is met, Cox regression model can be used; if proportional hazard assumption is not met, restricted mean survival times is suggested.风险比（hazard ratio，HR）和中位生存时间是生存分析时的常规分析和报告指标。本文简要介绍了HR和中位生存时间的关系以及比例风险假定在这两者之间的作用，分析了检索出的58篇文献中的110对风险比和中位生存时间比的差异，并通过实例阐明了产生这种差异的原因。结果表明，在不满足比例风险假定时，Cox回归模型计算得到的风险比是不合理的，且与中位生存时间之比不等价。因此，在使用Cox回归模型前，应先进行比例风险假定的检验，只有符合比例风险假定时才能使用该模型；当不符合比例风险假定时，建议使用限制性平均生存时间。.
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Limited studies have examined the association between lung cancer and bronchiectasis (BE). This study evaluated the regional association between BE and lung cancer by analyzing the lobar location of lung cancer in patients with underlying BE. This clustered multi-level study enrolled patients who had underlying BE and were newly diagnosed with lung cancer between January 1, 2010 and May 30, 2013 in two referral hospitals in South Korea. By analyzing the presence of lung cancer and underlying BE as event variables at the level of lung lobes on chest computed tomography (CT), we evaluated the association of BE and lung cancer by the locations of the diseases. Eighty-one patients with BE and combined lung cancer were enrolled. Within 486 lung lobes of the patients, combined BE and lung cancer in the same lobe was found in 11 lobes (2.3 %). Using the general estimating equation assuming BE as a risk factor of lung cancer, the results indicated that the prevalence of lung cancer was significantly lower in the lobes with pre-existing BE (β = −1.09, p-value = 0.001). Regionally, pre-existing BE was associated with a lower risk of the occurrence of lung cancer in the same lobe.
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