Production and characterization of pyrolytic oils by pyrolysis of waste machinery oil
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Pyrolytic carbon
Characterization
Pyrolysis oil
Pyrolytic carbon
Sawdust
Characterization
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The rice husk fast pyrolysis was studied by using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and the pyrolysis gases were online analyzed. The effects of pyrolytic temperature and time on the pyrolysis of biomass was focused. The results show that the number and yield of product species increase with temperature below 450 ℃. The less species at lower pyrolytic temperature is of benefit to the enrichment of high value products. However, the number of product species becomes constant and the yield only changes when the temperature is over 450 ℃. The yield reaches the maximum when the temperature is 550 ℃. As the temperature increases, the optimum pyrolytic time descends. The pyrolysis of biomass with a long pyrolysis time at lower temperature is more completely than that with a shot pyrolysis time at higher temperature.
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Thermal behaviors of commercial diesel oil 0# and pyrolysis oil obtained from co-pyrolysis of biomass and waste tyre blend(with or without catalysts) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG).Through linear regression,the results illustrated that for pyrolysis oils the thermal kinetic follows the formula dα/dt=Ae-△vapH/RT(1-α)2and for diesel oil it follows the formula dα/dt=1.5Ae-△vapH/RT(1α)2/3[1-(1-α)1/3]-1.The evaporation heats calculated were 37.46 kJ·mol-1 for SBA-catalyzed pyrolysis oil,30.60 kJ·mol-1 for MCM-41-catalyzed pyrolysis oil,41.27 kJ·mol-1 for pyrolysis oil without using any catalyst, and 55.50 kJ·mol-1 for diesel oil 0#;these values were close to those reported in the literature.The existence of SBA-15 and MCM-41 as catalysts in the pyrolysis can reduce high fractions of the resultant pyrolysis oil;SBA-15 performed better than MCM-41 in reducing high fractions.
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Thermogravimetric analysis
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The vacuum pyrolysis of oil sludge was investigated.The effects of technical conditions such as final pyrolysis temperature,system pressure,holding time and condensation temperature were discussed in details.The experimental results show that when vacuum pyrolysis is carried out at pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃,system pressure of 10 kPa,holding time of 30 min,condensation temperature of ?20 ℃,the yields of pyrolysis solid,pyrolysis liquid and pyrolysis gas are 9.4%,85.8% and 4.8%,respectively.After separation of water from pyrolysis liquid,pyrolysis oil with the content of 31.25% of oil sludge can be obtained.All the materials from oil sludge can be satisfactorily recycled by vacuum pyrolysis.
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Oil sludge
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Pine sawdust pyrolysis was carried out respectively using microwave and conventional electrical heating at different temperatures in order to understand the properties of pyrolytic products from microwave pyrolysis of biomass. Less char material was obtained by microwave pyrolysis compared to conventional heating at the same temperature. While comparing the components of the pyrolytic gases, it was revealed that the microwave pyrolysis gas usually had higher H2 and CO contents and lower CH4 and CO2 contents than those obtained by conventional pyrolysis at the same temperature. The texture analysis results of the microwave pyrolysis chars showed that the chars would melt and the pores would shrink at high temperatures, and hence, the specific surface areas of the chars decreased with increasing temperature. Similarly, the reactivity of the char was remarkably reduced when the microwave pyrolysis temperature exceeded 600°C.
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Sawdust
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Pyrolysis oil
Heat of combustion
Carbon fibers
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Polymers' controlled pyrolysis is an economical and environmentally friendly solution to prepare activated carbon. However, due to the experimental difficulty in measuring the dependence between tissues and pyrolysis parameters at high temperatures, the unknown pyrolysis mechanism hinders access to the target products with desirable morphologies and performances. In this study, we investigate the pyrolysis process of polystyrene under different heating rates and temperatures employing reactive molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD) simulations. A clear profile of the generation of pyrolysis products determined by the temperature and heating rate is constructed. It is found that the heating rate affects the type and amount of pyrolysis intermediates and their timing, and low-rate heating helps yield more diverse pyrolysis intermediates. While the temperature affects the pyrolytic tissues of the final equilibrium products, either too low or too high a target temperature is detrimental to generating large areas of graphitized tissue. The established theoretical evolution process matches experiments well, thus contributing to preparing target activated carbons by referring to the regulatory mechanism of pyrolytic tissues.
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ReaxFF
Polystyrene
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The pyrolytic characteristics of rice husk and lignite were investigated by using the TG-DSC.Result demonstrated that the thermal weight loss of rice husk was more intense than lignite.The co-pyrolysis weight loss process was almost the summation of rice husk and lignite pyrolysis weight loss process respectively.The absorbing and releasing heat of pyrolysis prosess was analyzed through DSC curves.There needed more heat-absorption at high temperature pyrolytic process during co-pyrolysis.Gas products content of pyrolytic system were also determined by gas chromatography as the temperature changed.Variations of gas products were analyzed combining TG curves.The results showed that H2 and CH4 content had the similar trend with the temperature grew when pyrolysised separately.CO content was more in rice husk pyrolysis gas product than lignite.Overall,there were heat exchange and interactions between husk and lignite during co-pyrolysis though the co-pyrolysis products were just the summation of pyrolysis separately.
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Pyrolysis oil
Fraction (chemistry)
Mass fraction
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