Power conversion efficiency enhancement in silicon solar cell from solution processed transparent upconversion film
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Photon Upconversion
Spin Coating
Due to advantages of room-temperature and low dark-noise, upconversion is an alternative to state-of-the-art mid-infrared (MIR) detecting technique. The upconversion technique has been applied in a diverse fields such as imaging, analsing spectroscopy and Lidar. A comprehensive theory for upconversion employing collinear quasi phase matching (QPM) is presented. In this work, we present a upconversion model with considering the collinear beams separately focused into periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) bulk. Based on the known comprehensive theory of QPM, we build the efficiency function about incident angle by investigating the minimum phase-mismatch of the signal in PPLN. Then we rewrite the upconversion efficiency function according to the pump light field distribution. Finally, by calculating the integral of the efficiency function over the incident angle, the upconversion theoretical model is developed for upconversion process with both beams focused. To check the upconversion theoretical model, we simulate the upconversion efficiency curve about temperature and measure the upconversion efficiency curve of our system with the same temperature range. In our system, the pulse signal at 1550 nm with the peak power 40mW is upconverted to 863 nm with the continuous wave pump laser at continuous-wave 1950 nm with 800mW in a 10 mm long and 1 mm thick PPLN bulk. The experimental results show that the upconversion modeling is agreement with experimental data and it can be used in upconversion imaging.
Photon Upconversion
Continuous wave
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Photon Upconversion
Nanocrystalline material
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有 infrared-to-visible 频率 upconversion 光的 Er3+-Yb3+ codoped oxy-fluoro-tungstosilicate 眼镜被融化在空中熄灭准备。在样品的光性质上做的 Er3+ 的效果借助于象光吸收系列和光致发光系列那样的技术被测量。结果显示出在 546 和 665 nm 集中的那块强烈草地和红信号，相应于 4S3/24I15/2 和由 multiphoton 的 Er3+ 的 4F9/24I15/2 转变分别地，逐步的帮助声子的激动状态的吸收过程被使样品激动，二极管激光在房间温度在 980 nm 操作同时观察。upconversion 过程在 5 mol.% 的一个经常的 Yb2O3 内容被发现很敏感到 Er3+ 内容。随从 0.5% ～ 1.5% 的 Er3+ 内容的增加， upconversion 紧张逐渐地增加了。到 3.0% 的 Er3+ 内容的进一步的增加导致了熄灭的重要荧光。而且，可能的 upconversion 机制在刺激力量上基于匹配精力的条件和二次的依赖被讨论。
Photon Upconversion
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We compared the lifetime values of the upconversion state for Er3+doped tellurite glass with and without halide ions as determined by direct excitation mechanism, with the results measured by upconversion excitation method. The results indicate that upconversion excitation lengthens the lifetime value largely compared with the direct excitation. The intensity of the upconversion fluorescen ce of the two kinds of glasses was discussed, which showed that it becomes stron ger with the addition of the halide ions than that without the halide ions. The upconversion mechanisms and power-dependent intensities were also determined and explained.
Photon Upconversion
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Intense upconversion emissions of YLiF4∶Er3+ synthesized by hydrothermal method were obtained. The upconversion intensity decreases with the increase of environment temperature. In different temperature, the upconversion mechanism is different. At room temperature, the green upconversion mechanism is the combination of two-photon process and three-photon process, and the red upconversion mechanism is two-photon process.
Photon Upconversion
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Efficient photon upconversion (UC) is a promising way to utilize the infrared photons, where upconversion quantum yield (QY) is a key parameter to find the potential application of these UC materials for many applications. Here we are reporting the absolute upconversion QYs for different concentrations of M2O2S:Yb3+/Er3+ (M = Gd, Y, La) in comparison with β-NaYF4:20%Yb3+/2%Er3+ for the UC emissions centered at 410, 550, 667 and 822 nm at varying excitation power densities under 980 nm excitation. Concentration dependent upconversion QY analysis has revealed that La2O2S:1%Yb3+/1%Er3+ and Y2O2S:1%Yb3+/1%Er3+ possess almost similar upconversion QY compared to that of 9%Yb3+/1%Er3+:La2O2S. Measurements under identical conditions with respect to the reported most efficient upconverting phosphor NaYF4:20%Yb3+/2%Er3+ show that M2O2S:Yb3+/Er3+ yields a higher absolute upconversion QY at lower excitation power densities compared to that of β-NaYF4:20%Yb3+/2%Er3+. Furthermore, UC spectral studies and lifetime measurements were performed for a series of M2O2S:Yb3+/Er3+ phosphors to analyze the UC mechanisms in these phosphors. We show that upconversion emission from 4F9/2 is mainly influenced by the longer lifetime of metastable state 4I13/2.
Photon Upconversion
Metastability
Quantum yield
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Photoluminescence (PL) upconversion is a phenomenon involving light-matter interactions, where the energy of emitted photons is higher than that of the incident photons. PL upconversion is an intriguing process in two-dimensional materials and specifically designed 2D heterostructures, which have potential upconversion applications in optoelectronic devices, bioimaging, and semiconductor cooling. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in photoluminescence upconversion in two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures. We discuss the upconversion mechanisms, applications, and future outlook of upconversion in two-dimensional materials.
Photon Upconversion
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Upconversion fluorescence in an erbium-doped transparent oxyfluoride glass ceramic is studied by use of fluorescence decays and time-dependent fluorescence and excitation spectra. Sequential two-photon absorption upconversion and energy transfer upconversion are reported, and their origins are identified. Sequential two-photon absorption upconversion is produced primarily in the glass phase, and energy transfer upconversion originates exclusively in the crystalline phase.
Photon Upconversion
Erbium
Glass-ceramic
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4 I 15/2, 4 S 3/2→ 4 I 15/2 and 4 F 9/2→ 4 I 15/2 transitions of Er 3+ , were observed under 977 nm excitation. The dependence of upconversion intensities on excitation power presents two photon absorption processes for the three emission bands. The upconversion mechanism is discussed, and the dominant mechanisms are excited state absorption and energy transfer upconversion. The intense frequency upconversion fluorescence of Er 3+ -doped TeO2–WO3 glass may be a potential material for developing upconversion fiber optical devices.
Photon Upconversion
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Recent advances and remaining challenges are presented in the areas of TPA/TTA-UC, with particular emphasis on molecular engineering of these two upconversion materials.
Photon Upconversion
Annihilation
Two-Photon Absorption
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