Co-oxidation of p-xylene and p-toluic acid to terephthalic acid in water solvent: Kinetics and additive effects
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The p-nitro-ethylbenzoate was synthesized from p-nitrobenzoic acid and ethanol under microwave irradiation using strong-acid cation exchange resin H-732 as catalyst.The effect of microwave power,catalyst amount,reaction time and the molar ratio of ethanol to acid on the yield was investigated.The results showed that strong-acid cation exchange resin H-732 had good catalytic activity to esterification under microwave irradiation.When the molar ratio of ethanol to acid was 3 ∶ 1,the amount of catalyst was 20% of p-nitrobenzoic acid,the reaction time was 15 min,and the microwave power was 250 W,the yield of p-nitro-ethylbenzoate was 87.45%.The catalyst can be repeated used and has good catalytic capability after activation.
Ion-exchange resin
Molar ratio
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Selective catalytic reduction
Space velocity
Mixed oxide
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Ammonia production
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The synthesis of n-butyl acetate catalyzed by heteropolyacids H3PW6Mo6O40 under ultrasound irradiation was investigated.The catalyst was prepared and characterized by IR and XRD.The results indicate that the catalyst retains the Keggin-type structure.Then the effects of calcination temperature of catalyst,amounts of catalyst,the type and amount of water-carrying agent,molar ratio of n-butanol and acetic acid,and the reaction time on the yield of esterification were discussed systematically.The optimum conditions are as follows:when the conditions of ultrasound are 20 kHz and 0.1 W/cm2,the calcination temperature of catalyst is 400 ℃;the amounts of catalyst is 0.6 g;reaction temperature 120 ℃;n(n-butanol)∶n(acetic acid)=1.5∶1(acetic acid is 0.4 mol);reaction time 60 min.Under these conditions,the yield of esterification is 99.3%.
Molar ratio
Butyl acetate
n-Butanol
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Chemisorption
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2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA) has the potential to replace terephthalic acid in the synthesis of bio-based resins. The catalytic activity of Co/Mn/Br catalyst and the effect of the fourth metal component for FDCA preparation were investigated. The highest yield of FDCA achieved 76.3% with Co/Mn/Br catalyst. Cu(OAc)2·H2O could greatly reduce the dosage of catalyst without sacrificing the activity, and the highest yield of FDCA with Co/Mn/Br/Cu catalyst was 77.2%. And the reaction processes with Co/Mn/Br catalyst and Co/Mn/Br/Cu catalyst were explored.
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Doping of different transition metals(Mn、Fe、Ni、Zn、Co) has an evident influence on the catalytic performance of CuO-CeO2 catalysts for the preferential oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen.As for Fe and Co,the doping enhances the catalytic activity of CuO-CeO2 catalysts for preferential oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen.For example,the CO conversion over the above catalysts was as high as 99% at 110 ℃.Especially,the doping of Co widens the temperature window of CO conversion of 99% over CuO-CeO2 catalysts by 30 ℃.For Mn,Ni and Zn,the doping depresses the catalytic activity of CuO-CeO2 catalysts for the preferential oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen.However,the doping of transition metals markedly improves the selectivity of CuO-CeO2 catalysts in preferential oxidation of CO in excess hydrogen.
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Abstract Catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia was studied over transition metal ion-exchanged Y zeolite (Me-Y) catalysts. Among various catalysts used, Cu(II)–Y was found to be of particular interest, exhibiting low temperature activity and an unusual catalytic activity-temperature profile with a maximum at 120°C. It was also observed that the catalytic activity was enhanced considerably when a second cation, especially Co (II) or Fe(III), was co-exchanged together with Cu(II) in Y zeolite. Such phenomena were discussed briefly.
Selective catalytic reduction
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Abstract Reactions of fluoroarene‐Cr(CO) 3 complexes with SmI 2 and carbonyl compounds in THF/HMPA at‐40–60°C afforded the corresponding radical aromatic substitution products in high yield. Compared to the corresponding chloroarene‐Cr(CO) 3 complexes, fluoroarene‐Cr(CO) 3 complexes showed a higher efficiency and slightly lower regioselectivity.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution
Substitution reaction
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