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    The evidence of outcome bias was explored in a two-player (Player 1: allocator and Player 2: evaluator) economic game experiment where the reward allocation was made between two players. The experimental factors were the intention of an allocator (Player 1), the type of chosen dice (selfish, fair, and generous), and the outcome (selfish, fair, and generous). The outcome bias occurred when the type of dice chosen by the allocator (Player 1) was not only a selfish one but also a generous one. The comparison between the two conditions (intentional and no-intentional conditions) definitely showed that Player 2 punished Player 1 to a larger extent when the outcome was disadvantageous for Player 2 (selfish outcome) and Player 2 rewarded Player 1 when the outcome was advantageous (generous outcome) irrespective of whether the die was chosen out of the three types intentionally or not. Moreover, the outcome bias was not observed when the outcome was fair. Thus, we could verify the hypothesis that we are readily got trapped in the outcome bias. Some implications were given for safety management that put more emphasis on the process than on the outcome.
    Dice
    Allocator
    Citations (3)
    The aim of this research is to find out how urgent quality assurance is for education customers. This research method uses literature study by collecting from various reading sources such as e-books, journals or examining online literature. The research results found that Quality Assurance is a quality guarantee offered by an institution. In line with the times, quality assurance has also been developed by educational institutions. Quality assurance carried out by educational institutions is more oriented towards guaranteeing the quality of education offered to educational customers. There are several efforts to improve the quality of education through quality assurance, including good quality assurance planning, implementation of quality assurance planning and evaluation of quality assurance carried out by educational institutions
    Program assurance
    QA/QC
    We formulate a dynamic learning-and-adjustment model of a market in which sellers choose signals that potentially reveal their types. If the dynamic process selects a unique limiting outcome, then that outcome must be an undefeated equilibrium; though to be undefeated does not suffice to be the sole limiting outcome. If a Riley outcome exists that provides type sellers with a higher utility than any other equilibrium outcome, then that outcome is the unique limiting outcome of our model. In the absence of a Riley outcome, or if high type workers obtain higher utility in a pooling equilibrium than in the Riley outcome, a unique limit outcome will only emerge under very stringent conditions. If these conditions fail, the market will cycle between various equilibria and, possibly, nonequilibrium outcomes
    Limiting
    Pooling
    Citations (0)
    We formulate a dynamic learning-and-adjustment model of a market in which sellers choose signals that potentitally reveal their types. If the dynamic process selects a unique limiting outcome, then that outcome must be an undefeated equilibrium; though to be undefeated does not suffice to be the sole limiting outcome. If a Riley outcome exists that provides type sellers with a higher utility than any other equilibrim outcome, then that outcome is the unique limiting outcome of our model. In the absence of a Riley outcome,. or if high type workers obtain higher utility in a pooling equlibrium than in the Riley outcome, a unique limit outcome will only emerge under very stringent conditions. If these conditions fail, the market will cycle between various equlibria and, possibly, nonequilibrrium outcomes.
    Limiting
    Pooling
    Citations (7)
    The Quasi-purchase system of research outcome is a research funds' system based upon research outcome. The thesis analyses the characteristics of research outcomes' honour under the quasi-purchase system of research outcome. It researches the evaluation of the follow-up impact of the honoured outcome. And make a greater impact on the honoured outcome for incentives and penalties for false results of the proposal.
    Honour
    Citations (0)
    QA/QC
    Program assurance
    Software quality control
    Quality audit
    Citations (3)
    Quality assurance is a hot topic in many institutes for higher education. Quality assurance is a cyclic process, consisting of three steps: measuring, judging and improving. Many institutes in higher education collect data about the quality of their educational programme on a regular basis and with proper frequency, but these evaluative data are not always used to improve the quality of the programme.The aim of this article is to demonstrate which conditions need to be fulfilled to ensure that quality assurance is a cyclic process resulting in continuous improvement.Quality assurance can only be successful, i.e. result in continuous improvement, if three conditions are met: the evaluation activities are carried out in (1). a systematic and (2). structural fashion and (3). are integrated in the organization's regular work patterns. Parts of the system for quality assurance at the Maastricht Medical School are presented to demonstrate how the three conditions can be realized in practice.
    QA/QC
    Program assurance
    Total Quality Management
    Citations (36)
    Results of a survey conducted early in 1978, about the state of psychiatric audits in Ontario, are presented and discussed. Of the facilities that responded 66% reported the existence of an audit system for psychiatric care. The picture that evolves from the survey shows that audits are comprehensive in only 52% of Ontario facilities, more so in the provincial psychiatric hospitals than in psychiatric units in general hospitals. The audits are multidisciplinary in 64% of all facilities. While only 50% of facilities involved in audits felt that audits have a positive impact on improvement of psychiatric care, 71% were positive that audits have contributed to continuing staff education. The authors report their experience in introducing a criteria audit system. Factors influencing the selection, as well as advantages and criticisms of this model are discussed.
    Psychiatric hospital