Study of microscopic properties of water fullerene suspensions by means of resonant light scattering analysis
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Scattering of coherent light by a droplet of water fullerene suspension was investigated. Two light wavelengths were used simultaneously. The evolution of the radius and refractive index of a droplet was examined. Resonant scattering was detected and analysed by means of a simple model and some conclusions were drawn on the microscopic properties of the suspension. The study was supplemented with atomic force microscopy measurements of samples obtained by drying the suspension.Static light scattering
Biological small-angle scattering
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The mechanisms of light scattering from biological cells are investigated by using confocal microscopy and light scattering spectroscopy (LSS). The LSS system measures the light scattering in the visible wavelength range from 1.1° to 165.0°. The results provide evidence that the small-sized subcellular structures are the major contributors to the backscattering signals. A unified Mie and fractal model is proposed to interpret light scattering by biological cells. The results demonstrate that Mie scattering from bare cells and nuclei is dominant in small forward scattering angles. But Mie scattering from bare cells and nuclei is found not to be able to provide a satisfactory interpretation of scattering spectral signals in the large angles, which is determined by fractal scattering from the subcellular structures. The findings of the theoretical model are consistent with the results of experimental investigation on the light scattering from biological cells.
Biological small-angle scattering
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In order to study light scattering and reduce scattering losses from multilayer dielectric high-reflection films,vector scattering theory and relationship of total scattering losses based on vector scattering theory and Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function(BRDF) were concisely presented.Total scattering losses changing with incidence angle and polarization from dielectric high-reflection multilayer films in fully correlated and uncorrelated model were researched,respectively.Furthermore,the influence of incident wavelength on light total scattering losses was analyzed.The theoretical results show that total scattering losses of p-polarized scattered light due to p-polarized incident light(Spp) strongly depend on the correlation between interfaces of multilayer films,especially near the Brewster angle.Moreover,total scattering losses changing with wavelength are consistent well with reflection spectrum of high-reflection multilayer films at fully correlated model.The result is reverse to uncorrelated model.
Brewster's angle
Reflection
Ray
Grazing-incidence small-angle scattering
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We investigate the shape dependence of the scattering by dielectric and metallic particles on surfaces by considering particles whose free-space scattering properties are nearly identical. The scattering by metallic particles is strongly dependent on the shape of the particle in the region near where the particle touches the surface. The scattering by dielectric particles displays a weaker, but nonetheless significant, dependence on particle shape. These results have a significant effect on the use of light scattering to size and identify particles on surfaces.
Particle (ecology)
Biological small-angle scattering
Static light scattering
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The scattering light intensity is measured at scattering angle θ=30°and θ=90°with different fog concentration, on the different condition that incident light is vertical polarized or parallel polarized. The relations between fog concentration and scattering light intensity are shown. At scattering angle θ=30°, scattering light intensity increases with the increasing of the fog concentration in the thin fog and reduces in the thick fog. Atθ=90°, scattering light intensity increases with the increasing of the fog concentration, but it shows a downward tendency in the highly thick fog.Light scattering characteristics are analyzed based on Mie scattering theory.According to effects of fog concentration on the degree of depolarization atθ=90°,the structure and the nature of fogdrops are discussed.
Intensity
Diffuse sky radiation
Multiangle light scattering
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Modeling light propagation in the whole body is essential and necessary for optical imaging. However, non-scattering, low-scattering and high absorption regions commonly exist in biological tissues, which lead to inaccuracy of the existing light transport models. In this paper, a novel hybrid light transport model that couples the simplified spherical harmonics approximation (SPN) with the radiosity theory (HSRM) was presented, to accurately describe light transport in turbid media with non-scattering, low-scattering and high absorption heterogeneities. In the model, the radiosity theory was used to characterize the light transport in non-scattering regions and the SPN was employed to handle the scattering problems, including subsets of low-scattering and high absorption. A Neumann source constructed by the light transport in the non-scattering region and formed at the interface between the non-scattering and scattering regions was superposed into the original light source, to couple the SPN with the radiosity theory. The accuracy and effectiveness of the HSRM was first verified with both regular and digital mouse model based simulations and a physical phantom based experiment. The feasibility and applicability of the HSRM was then investigated by a broad range of optical properties. Lastly, the influence of depth of the light source on the model was also discussed. Primary results showed that the proposed model provided high performance for light transport in turbid media with non-scattering, low-scattering and high absorption heterogeneities.
Radiosity (computer graphics)
Forward scatter
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In strongly scattering media, the presence of multiple scattered light prevents the straight-forward interpretation of photon-auto correlation functions in terms of single scattering processes. In order to suppress the influence of multiple scattering Schätzel suggested a socalled 3-D cross-correlation technique. This technique operates by cross-correlating the intensities of the scattered light of two coherent laser beams illuminating the same scattering volume and so defining two scattering geometries. The cross-correlation function is identical to the auto-correlation function from single scattering if the scattering vector q is chosen to be identical for both scattering geometries. Based on this idea an experimental set-up has been developed, which appears to be a fairly simple modification of a conventional light scattering experiment. Test measurements with solutions of standard latex particles with a diameter of 109 nm at various concentrations show, that contributions due to multiple scattering are well suppressed even in the range of strong multiple scattering.
Biological small-angle scattering
Static light scattering
Multiangle light scattering
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A unified theory for light scattering by biological cells is presented. It is shown that Mie scattering from the bare cell and
the nucleus dominates cell light scattering in the forward directions. The random fluctuation of the background refractive
index within the cell, behaving as a fractal random continuous medium, dominates light scattering by cells in other angles.
The theory is validated by experimental angular light scattering spectra of epithelial cells for scattering angles from 1.25
to 173.8 degrees and in the spectral range from 400nm to 700nm.
Static light scattering
Biological small-angle scattering
Multiangle light scattering
Forward scatter
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In biological suspensions light is scattered by the suspended cells. When the concentration of the scattering centers increases multiple scattering becomes dominant. A main challenge in modeling light diffusion is to find an analytical expression that describes the multiple light scattering in an accurate manner, including light scattering anisotropy. The Henyey-Greenstein phase function embedded in the RWMCS code previously written was used to describe single scattering on Red Blood Cells in suspension. The results of the simulation, containing multiple light scattering, are used to verify the predictions of two effective phase functions. Previous published results revealed a good agreement with experimental data in the small concentration range for scattering centers having a diameter of several microns. The new simulation expanded the investigation in the bigger optical depth targets and the results are presented in the extended paper.
Phase function
Static light scattering
Suspension
Biological small-angle scattering
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Abstract The measurement of the scattering of light by solid polymers is a means for studying their structure. Films are the most convenient form for working with highly scattering polymers, which are subjected to such treatment as temperature variation, mechanical deformation, and orientation. In measuring scattering from films, it is necessary to correct the observed scattered intensity for ( a ) refraction at film interfaces, ( b ) reflection, and ( c ) secondary scattering. The necessary correction factors are described in this paper. The application of these correction factors is illustrated in the case of scattering by a polyethylene film.
Static light scattering
Reflection
Intensity
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