THE ROLE OF CASPASE 3 AND BclxLIN THE ACTION OF INTERLEUKIN 7 (IL-7): A SURVIVAL FACTOR IN ACTIVATED HUMAN T CELLS
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Interleukin 3
Caspase 7
NLRP1
Caspase 2
PARP inhibitor
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Abstract The study's objective was to adapt the Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) protocol to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation and implement a fragmentation control in dogs. Correlation between DNA status and routine sperm parameters was also analysed. To adapt the SCD, two different mercaptoethanol (ME) concentrations were assayed (2.5% and 5%) in fourteen ejaculates from seven dogs and semen incubation with 0.3 M NaOH for 15 min at room temperature was assayed as a control for sperm DNA fragmentation. Data were analysed using a Mann–Whitney test and either Pearson's or Spearman's correlation. The selected ME concentration to use in the SCD test was 5%, as it produced the largest DNA dispersion halo while preserving the core nucleus structure. Four DNA halo patterns were identified as follows: large dispersion halos, medium halos, small halos and nuclei without halos. Semen incubated with NaOH showed 100% sperm without halos (damaged DNA). A significant positive correlation was observed between sperm with fragmented DNA and sperm with coiled tails. Thus, it was possible to adapt the SCD protocol to evaluate dog sperm DNA fragmentation in raw semen without using a commercial kit and establish incubation with NaOH as a DNA fragmentation control. Only coiled tails showed correlation with DNA fragmentation.
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The poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP),a nuclear enzyme relative to DNA repair,is a mediator of cell death by ATP depletion.Thus the PARP inhibitor was considered as a novel neuro-protectant.A study about structure and biological activity of PARP was introduced in this review,and emphasis was placed on both the neuro-protective function and the structureactivity relationship of the PARP inhibitors reported in recent years.
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PARP inhibitor
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The effects of 3-aminobenzamide (3ABm) and benzamide (BAm), known specific inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), on actinomycin D (Act D)-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells were examined. These inhibitors had no appreciable effect on apoptotic DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation or PARP restriction cleavage, but clearly inhibited morphological changes, especially nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic-body formation, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that the synthesis of ADP-ribose polymers is not essential for the progression of apoptotic DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation, but is required in the processes leading to nuclear fragmentation and the subsequent apoptotic-body formation during apoptosis in HL-60 cells.
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Objective
To explore the relationship between sperm DNA fragmentation rates and male infertility.
Methods
Case-control study was used. Sperm DNA fragmentation rates were compared between the primary infertile males for unknown reasons(n= 126) and the males whose spouses undergoing delivery in three months(n= 100).
Results
Sperm DNA fragmentation rate of the research group was(11.95±4.89)%. Sperm DNA fragmentation rate of the control group was(10.07±3.56)%.Significant difference was found between the two groups on sperm DNA fragmentation rate(t=- 3.326,P= 0.001). The 226 men were divided into group A with sperm DNA fragmentation rates<10%(n= 130)and group B with sperm DNA fragmentation rates≥10%(n= 96). The percentage of male infertility in group A was significantly lower than that in group B(50.00% vs 61.62%)(χ2= 4.105,P= 0.043).
Conclusion
Correlation is found between sperm DNA fragmentation rates and male infertility.
Key words:
Infertility, Male; DNA fragmentation rate; Spermatozoa
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Objective To assess sperm chromatin structure assay(SCSA) and sperm chromatin dispersion test(SCD) for DNA fragmentation evaluation in human infertility, and the correlation between these two methods.Methods We used SCSA and SCD assays to detect DNA fragmentation in sperm from 134 infertile men. The correlation of SCSA and SCD assays was analyzed. The sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI) was divided into 3groups(≤ 15%DFI, 15 ~ ≤ 30%DFI and 30%DFI), and the difference between SCSA and SCD assays was assessed. Results The SCSA assay was strongly correlated with the SCD assay for sperm DNA fragmentation(r = 0.915, P 0.001). There was no significant difference between 15 ~ ≤ 30%DFI and 30%DFI groups.However, SCD showed higher levels of DNA fragmentation than that measured by SCSA for ≤15%DFI group(13.504.82 vs 9.79 2.60, P 0.001). Conclusion There is a strong positive correlation between SCSA and SCD assays in detection of DNA fragmentation. SCD assay showed higher levels of DNA fragmentation than that measured by SCSA for ≤15%DFI group.
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Cleavage (geology)
Caspase-9
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Ribose
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