Electronic behavior of calcined material obtained from a gallium-N-phenylene-N hybrid copolymer
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To get CaTiO3catalyst with high photocatalytic properties,the effect of calcination conditions,on the photocatalytic activity of CaTiO3 was investigated.The calcination conditions included heating rate of calcination precursors,calcination temperature,calcination time and cooling rate of calcination products,The catalyst was synthesized by solid-state reaction method with Ca(NO3)2and TiO(OH)2as raw materials and NaOH as mineralizer.The physical properties of the catalyst were characterized using XRD and SEM.The experimental results showed that the activity increased until reached a maximum,and then decreased with the increasing heating rate of calcination precursors;the photocatalytic activity decreased drastically with the fast cooling rate of calcination products.Moreover,the optimal values of calcination temperature and calcination time were obtained.As a result,the CaTiO3catalysts with high photocatalytic activity can be obtained under an optimized calcination conditions after loading CoO(0.2 wt%)co-catalyst.
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Gallium nitride (GaN) has been prepared by the reaction of ammonia with three different gallium precursors: Gallium oxide, a mixture of gallium oxide and elemental gallium, and elemental gallium. X-ray diffraction indicates that all three starting materials yield highly crystalline wurtzite GaN particles. Solid-state 1H NMR has been employed to ascertain the presence of hydrogen in the samples. The technique allows a clear distinction between structural protons and protons bound to the surface of the crystals. In addition, solid-state 71Ga NMR and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis display significant differences in the material. Depending on the starting material, the GaN product consists of up to three different phases. The optical properties of the product GaN powders could be correlated to the NMR data. By converting nonluminescing GaN prepared from gallium oxide into GaN, with a bright emission at room temperature around 370 nm when excited by a 325 nm He−Cd laser, further insight was gained on the correlation of structural and optical properties of GaN.
Wurtzite crystal structure
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In order to improve the activation effect of deactivation catalysts, calcination of V2O5-WO3-MoO3/TiO2 catalysts were investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that calcination time have an effect for recovering the activity of V2O5-WO3-MoO3/TiO2 catalyst. Calcination not only ensures the better mechanical strength and integrity of the catalyst, but also plays an important role in the denigration activity of the catalyst. However, the particles of the catalyst surface enlarged with the increase of the calcination temperature. The suitable calcination time can improve the denigration efficiency and increase the mechanical strength of the catalyst. In addition, the calcination time mainly affects the formation of MoO3. These findings can provide reference for the activation of SCR-Den Ox catalyst.
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We calcined six kinds of limestone from various localities up to 900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300 and 1400°C with or without NaCl, and observed the growth of CaO crystals in their thin sections. The CaO crystals occurring in the specimens calcined with NaCl are, as usual, better grown than those without NaCl, and it is more evident at lower temperature calcination. In the case of higher temperature calcination, the formers are hardly over-burnt.With regard to the limestones, those of cryptcrystalline make finer CaO crystals. Especially it is evident at higher temperature calcination. This may show to have larger range for optimum calcination, that is easy to work with.
Atmospheric temperature range
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The properties of copolymerization of D F 3, D 4 were studied . It is a balancing copolymerization with opening cycloes. The produce rate of copolymer and high copolymer is almost constant when it is balanced. As for the discovery of alkaline catalyst, strong catalyst is good for producing copolymer of high molecular weight. Owing to the rise of temperature, the copolymerization speeds up, molecular weight of the copolymer decreases down, and it forms a relationship of ln ~1/ T . At the beginning of copolymerizing, to rise the temperature, and then, to reduce it. The purpose of shortening the time of copolymerization and increasing the molecular weight of copolymer can be got.
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The efficient preparation of the new polymeric gallium imide {Ga(NH)3/2}n from the reaction between [Ga(NMe2)3]2 and NH3 at ambient temperatures is described. The gallium imide precursor is shown by TEM and XRD studies to yield upon pyrolysis a rare cubic/hexagonal variety of gallium nitride, GaN. Some control over the average particle size of GaN in the nanosized region is achieved by application of various pyrolysis schemes.
Imide
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Atmospheric temperature range
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Mg was extracted from boron mud through calcining method. The technological process is that the boron mud was calcined at 700 °C for 3 h then uniformly mixed with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 in proportion and calcined. The reaction process was studied by TG-DTA and XRD, which is that MgO in calcined boron mud reacts with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 to produce (NH 4 ) 2 Mg 2 (SO 4 ) 3 at low temperature, then with increasing the temperature, (NH 4 ) 2 Mg 2 (SO 4 ) 3 decomposes into MgSO 4 . The effects of calcination temperature, mol ratio of reaction substrates and calcination time on conversion rate of Mg were studied. The results indicate that the conversion rate of Mg increases with the increasing of calcination temperature first then decreases, increases with the increasing of calcination time and mol ratio of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and MgO. When the calcination temperature is 500 °C, the calcination time is 3 h, the mol ratio of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and MgO is 0.9:1, the conversion rate of Mg is 81.9 %.
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