Bounds on the Holocene Slip Rate of the Haiyuan Fault, North-Central China
Zhang PeizhenPéter MolnárB. C. BurchfielL. H. RoydenYipeng WangQidong DengSong FangminWei‐Qi ZhangJiao Decheng
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We measured the offsets of six stream valleys, of 30 to 90 m, along the northwest-southeast trending, left-lateral Haiyuan strike-slip fault, in north-central China. Minimum ages of these offsets were determined to estimate lower bounds for the Holocene slip rate. The most reliable bounds are 7.6 ± 1.0 and 6.7 ± 1.0 mm/yr, with three others that are smaller (3.4 ± 0.7, 3.5 ± 0.9, and 4.1 ± 0.4 mm/yr) and one large value (16.4 ± 5.9 mm/yr) that we doubt. Thus, the average Holocene slip rate of the Haiyuan fault is larger than 6 mm/yr and probably exceeds 7 mm/yr. If the average slip rate of 5 to 10 mm/yr for the Quaternary Period is applicable to the Holocene Epoch, the average rate is 8 ± 2 mm/yr.About 1397 temperature records during the Holocene are collected to establish a temperature data set of the Holocene in China.1140 of the 1397 records are available after eliminated the abnormal values statistically.There are more than 10 available records in most centuries during the Holocene in China.A synthesis reconstruction method,named the converted single sample from local to regional and averaged by the multiple samples,are designed to quantitatively reconstruct temperature change during the Holocene in China.The synthetically reconstructed Holocene temperature series in China ensures both the quantification and the higher temporal resolution continuously.According to the reconstructed temperature series,the Holocene temperature change in China could be obviously divided into three stages.The early Holocene(11.5-8.9 ka B.P.) was warming period when the temperature rose to near the present with fluctuation.The mid Holocene(8.9-4.0 ka B.P.) was a warmer period named the Holocene Megathermal,when the temperature was 1 ℃ higher than the present in average,with 1.5℃ higher than the present in maximum during 8.0–6.4 ka BP.The late Holocene(after 4.0 ka BP) was a cooling period.
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Abstract Effective moisture and temperature dynamics during the late glacial and Holocene were reconstructed from fossil midge (Diptera: Nematocera) assemblages in Lake Hirvijärvi, southern Finland. Quantitative inferences were performed using midge‐based transfer functions for water depth and mean July air temperature. The aim was to identify major trends in Holocene climate development. The results were generally consistent with patterns found in previous investigations from nearby regions and indicated some distinct differences in palaeoclimate between southern and northern Finland. The results indicate that the region was characterised by a very cold Late Pleistocene, cool and moist but drying early Holocene, warm and moist mid Holocene and cool and moist late Holocene. A progressive trend of increasing lake levels from the early Holocene towards the present was evident. The results of this study provide implications for regional differences in effective moisture between southern and northern Finland during the Holocene. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Abstract. This paper discusses a rise of Lake Ilmen in the Holocene, its origin, and consequences for the Neolithic culture of the region. We assume that in the second half of the Holocene there was a long-lasting level rise of Lake Ilmen. The level rise was associated with the Holocene Ladoga transgression into the Ilmen-Volkhov basin.
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过去的 13000 一 from 胡古安吉安·马尔·莱克的一个高分辨率的花粉记录在 Holocene 期间在南部的中国揭示植被和环境变化。它证明树和灌木的那个(i) 花粉百分比在早 Holocene 期间到达了 56%(11600—7800 cal BP ) ，哪个热带树的花粉百分比在 9500 点到达了最大值—8000 cal BP，反映热、湿的环境；(i i ) 在 mid-Holocene 期间(7800—4200 cal BP ) ，当热带副热带的树的百分比减少了时，山区的具球果的树和植物的花粉百分比增加了，显示降低温度和湿度；(iii ) 从 4200 ～ 350 在迟了的 Holocene 跨越 BP，植物的花粉百分比和山区的针叶树显著地增加了的 cal，显示温度和湿度的显著减少。我们的花粉数据揭示时间时期 9500—在南部的中国的 BP 代表的 8000 cal 为 Holocene 的气候的最佳由热、湿的条件描绘了。这与 Holocene 最佳全球性在更低的纬度区域发现了一致。我们推测那个强壮的曝晒力量原因向北方 ITCZ 和副热带的夏天季风前面的移植，它在 Huguangyan 区域导致了早 Holocene 最佳。中间、迟了的 Holocene 的干燥趋势和气候变化能在太阳的曝晒和经常的 ENSO 事件与减少被联系。
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The three major sections of this volume include six chapters describing the regional Quaternary geology of Canada, two describing the Quaternary geology and climatic history of Greenland, and six that review applied Quaternary geology in Canada, including chapters on paleobotanical analysis, geodynamics, geomorphic processes, terrain geochemistry, Quaternary resources, and the influence of the Quaternary on the present environment. Of the five accompanying plates, three depict eleven stages of Quaternary paleogeographic change between 18,000 B.P. and 5,000 B.P.; one depicts the retreat of the ice from between 18,000 B.P. and the Recent; and another reviews the status of Quaternary geologic mapping in Canada, with an extensive bibliography on the back.
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在为硅藻，种子和 phytoliths 的 Tianluoshan 的古老的稻田的节的考古学的分析证明了在东方中国的最高本地的海水平在 Holocene 期间出现在 7.0 ka BP 前。进入 Mid-Holocene，作为海水 regressed，一个广阔沼泽地平原出现在沿海的区域，在过时的 Hemudu 文化的农民栽培了米饭的地方。然而，仍然在 Mid-Holocene 有几个海平面的变化，哪个最大从 6.4 ～ 6.3 ka BP 并且从 4.6 ～ 2.1 ka BP。另外在沼泽地草植被统治的时期， 6.3 ～ 4.6 ka BP，更小的变化显然在回来上把海岸线推到陆地。尽管与这些海岸线违反联系的海平面的上升没有最高的海的紧张，铺平时期，将仍然生活和住在这个区域的人的生产活动上有深刻影响。从在 Tianluoshan 的古老的稻田的考古学的证据证明更大的海平面的上升事件推了海水到土地上并且淹没而更弱的海平面的上升事件沿着河导致了海水的侵入，在大米在土壤咸度和减少引起增加产出的稻田的大区域。米饭耕作上的海平面的上升的影响在本地饮食引起了变化。在米饭生产掉落了的区域，聚在一起并且狩猎的流行升起了。在早 Holocene 的高海层次暗示在东方沿海的平原的米饭耕作的起源是可能的在小附近的山盆。
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Combined with satellite images,geological data and seismic exploration results,the nature of fault activity and fault occurrence of Xiangtang fault,Tuozitou fault and Tangshan fault were determined.The results show that the Quaternary depth is from 70to 120mnearby the Luanxian County,the bottom boundary of the Quaternary strata was faulted by the three target faults,the upper breakpoint of the fault located in the Quaternary strata.
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Shiyang 河排水盆位于亚洲季风区域的西北边缘。以前的研究在盆关于 Holocene 气候的变化得出了不同结论。一些研究建议 Holocene 气候的变化被亚洲季风主要控制并且气候在早 Holocene (11.67.1 cal ka BP ) 期间是相对潮湿的。另外的研究发现 mid-Holocene 气候的最佳(7.05.0 cal ka BP ) ，并且这个气候条件类似于在干旱中亚的 Holocene 西的风模式。现代气候被亚洲季风和西的风在排水盆影响，并且 Holocene 气候的记录显示出二不同 Holocene 气候的 patternsa 西的风模式和 monsoonal 模式。然而，什么引起了二不同 Holocene 气候的模式在这个区域共存，仍然保持不清楚。palynological 记录是为在盆的 Holocene 气候的变化的主要证据。这份报纸为排水盆的不同部分集中于 palynological 记录。在他们之中， QTH02， QTL-03 和 Sanjiaocheng 记录位于终端湖，并且 Hongshuihe 记录位于盆的中间的活动范围。在终端湖， QTH02 和 QTL-03 的 palynological 记录是类似的，但是 Sanjiaocheng 记录不同。差别被可变花粉集合主要在湖盆的不同地点影响。从四个 palynological 记录的比较和合成，我们断定千年规模的 Holocene 气候的变化被亚洲季风和西的风的联合效果在排水盆影响，它在亚洲季风的西北边缘显示出复杂 Holocene 气候的模式。
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BIOGEOGHAPHIA — val. XIX - 1997 (Pubblicalo il 31 oftobre 1998) (iii effetti delle variazioni climatiche pleistoceniche sulla dinamica dei popolamenti animali e vegelali nella Penisola italiana Quaternary Vegetation landscapes in Piedmont and in the Aosta Valley with particular reference to the Holocene ROSAN NA CARAMIELLO, CONSOLATA SINISCALCO Dipzzrtimemfo di Biologizz Vegetzzle, Universitiz di Torino zziale Mzzztio/i, 25 — 10125 Torino Keywords: Holocene, N-Italy, Palaeobotany, Palynology, Quaternary, Vegetation, W—Alps. SUMMARY Reconstruction oF some Piedmontese plant landscapes during the Quaternary is proposed on the bases of the palaeobotanical data on the Italian side of Western Alps and on the adjoining flatlands. Studies starts with the informations that can be drawn from the Villafranchian typical deposits and the deposits regarded as Villafranchian semu /zzta: these data allow to reconstruction of thermophilous forests and of hydrophilous herbaceous vegetation communities. Data are then referred to the progressive extinction of thermophilous elements based both on palynological and on palaeocarpological data from Upper Pliocene to Lower and Middle Pleistocene and to the beginning of the glaciations. The literature is very poor with regard to the Middle Pleistocene and it is necessary to arrive to the Riss—Wfirm interglacial to have data on vegetation with the presence oha mesophilous deciduous forest, characterised by an absence of archaic entities. Numerous plant landscapes are then proposed for the last interglacial and to the interstadials, both at high and at low altitudes; some are referred to the old Penclt and Bruckner nomenclature, some refer to a more recent division in glacial peaks and interstadials. Literature becomes very rich for the Post—Glacial, For which reconstruction of landscapes is possible and easier than for the previous periods. Particular detail is so far dedicated to the last 13,000 years plant landscapes in Piedmont also comparing our data to the other Central and Eastern Alps observations and to the migration of tree species. Completion of the temporal panorama and quantitative and qualitative correlation of the vegetational data with the changes in the climate will allow the formulation of hypotheses concerning its variations in the decades ahead. Data on recent small temperature swings of the order of 1—1,5 °C have been correlated to relatively rapid altitudinal oscillations of vegetation, especially of the timberline. The concepts of stability of plant communities may be modified by reconsidering the extensive potential of rapid vegetational dynamism. Reconstruction of Piedmontese plant landscapes during the Quaternary is based on consultation of the palaeobotanical studies of the Italian side of the \Western Alps and the adjoining flatlands. The geology of this sector has been the subject of numerous in—depth investigations. Works on vegetation, on the other hand, have been sporadic and frequently confined to specific points. Discussion of the results in the light of the latest chronological knowledge is rare.
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这份报纸在二连续 glacio 湖的沉积沉积物， Laotanfang (3 597 m ) 和在 Yunan 位于 Hulifang 山峰的南部、北的方面的 Shibantang (3 689 m ) 上论述学习，中国。环境变化索引为每沉积物被构造，基于谷物尺寸， geochemical 和花粉分析，环境磁性的危险性，并且 14C 标明日期。气候的环境变化的学习自从在这个区域的 Holocene 时代证明气候在早 Holocene 期间在不同阶段波动 ，也就是说，气候是凉爽的并且在 8 4-7 期间弄湿 7 ka ，在 7 7-6 期间冷、湿 5 ka ，在 6 5-4 期间冷、干燥 7 ka ，在 4 7-2 期间使 1 ka 凉下来并且弄湿，在 2 1-1 期间温暖、湿 0 ka ，并且自从 1 ka 更温暖、湿。这些调查结果在西南的中国的部分与在中国的这部分的另外的 Holocene 气候变化模型一致的北方在 Holocene 期间在不同时间反映西南和东南季风的重叠影响。
Holocene climatic optimum
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