Cytokeratin 20 expression by non‐invasive transitional cell carcinomas: potential for distinguishing recurrent from non‐recurrent disease
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Although approximately 50% of patients with non‐invasive (T a ) papillary transitional cell carcinoma show no recurrence of their disease, current histopathological approaches cannot distinguish this sub‐group from those patients in whom the disease will recur. In this 5 year retrospective study, we have shown that cytokeratin 20 (CK20) was expressed in 19 of 29 (65.5%) of non‐invasive papillary tumours of grades 1 or 2. CK20 expression patterns were predictive of disease non‐recurrence in a sub‐group of eight patients, representing 51.7% of patients with non‐recurrent disease. In normal bladder mucosa, CK20 expression was restricted to the terminally‐differentiated superficial cell. In eight CK20‐positive tumours which showed no recurrence at 5 years, CK20 expression was either restricted to, or most intense in, the luminal cells of the papillae. This pattern of expression was not seen in any of the 15 tumours from the recurrent group. Disruption of normal CK20 expression was highly significantly correlated with recurrent tumours. These results suggest that changes in the expression of differentiation‐associated antigens, such as CK20, may be useful in predicting benign versus malignant behaviour and may, therefore, be useful in defining treatment strategies.The epithelium in kidneys and urinary bladders contain CK18 as in liver cells. The modulation of cytokeratin 18 during tumor transformation in hepatoma had been previously recognized through a series of biochemical and immunological approaches. A 14 KD hepatoma related molecules was found in the previous studies. We would like to utilize the hepatoma transformation model to study the changes in CK18 in transitional cell carcinoma, using immunoblotting and western blotting techniques. The result is that transitional cell carcinoma retain their CK18 molecule. Furthermore, CK18 related molecules similar to those seen in hepatoma also present in transitional cell carcinoma. The conclusions are transitional cell carcinoma contains CK18 related proteins similar to those seen in hepatoma tissues. We suggest that this element would be responsible for the change during the malignant transformation processes.
Malignant Transformation
Transitional Cell
Hepatic carcinoma
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Дифференциальная диагностика новообразований яичников проводится среди групп эпителиальных и гранулёзоклеточных опухолей и остаётся актуальной проблемой онкогинекологии. В основном встречаются эпителиальные опухоли (до 60%), но на долю
гранулёзоклеточных опухолей приходится до 5% из всех неоплазий яичника. Материалы и методы. В работе
было проведено ретроспективное исследование 43 наблюдений опухолевых поражений яичников за период
январь-декабрь 2017 г. Целью исследования было проанализировать комплекс морфологических и иммуногистохимических характеристик Cytokeratin, Pan АЕ1/АЕ3 – негативних фенотипов и Cytokeratin, Pan АЕ1/АЕ3 – позитивних фенотипов неоплазий яичников, для совершенствования алгоритмов диагностики.
Результаты. Фенотип эпителиальных опухолей яичников в 100% наблюдений соответствует панцитокератину Cytokeratin, Pan АЕ1/АЕ3 «+», в свою очередь фенотип гранулезоклеточных опухолей в основном отвечал экспрессии маркера Cytokeratin, Pan АЕ1 / АЕ3 в 62,5%; а вариант в части клеток «+»/«-» Cytokeratin, Pan АЕ1/АЕ3 обнаружен в 37,5% гранулезоклеточных опухолей, независимо от потенциала их злокачественности. Таким образом, гранулезоклеточные опухоли имеют вариабельную экспрессию маркера
Cytokeratin, Pan АЕ1/АЕ3 и требуют включения в первичную панель других диагностических ИГХ маркеров.
Differential diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms is carried out among groups of epithelial and granulocellular tumors and remains an actual problem of oncogynecology. In general, epithelial tumors occur (up to 60%), but granulocellular cell tumors account for up to 5% of all ovarian neoplasia. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of 43 observations of ovarian tumor lesions over the period of January-December 2017 was conducted in the work. The aim of the study was to analyze the complex of morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of Cytokeratin, Pan AE1 / AE3 - negative phenotypes and Cytokeratin, Pan AE1 / AE3 - positive phenotypes of ovarian neoplasia to improve diagnostic algorithms. Results. The phenotype of epithelial
ovarian tumors in 100% of observations corresponds to pancytokeratin Cytokeratin, Pan AE1 / AE3 +, in its turn the
phenotype of granulocellular tumors basically responded to expression of the Cytokeratin marker, Pan AE1 / AE3 in
62.5%; and the variant in the part of the cells + / Cytokeratin, Pan AE1 / AE3 was found in 37.5% of
granulocellular tumors, regardless of their malignant potential. Thus, granulocellular tumors have variable expression
of the Cytokeratin marker, Pan AE1 / AE3 and require the inclusion of other diagnostic IGH markers in the primary panel.
Keratin 8
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Cytokeratins (CKs), which are biochemically related to intermediate filaments (IFs), form an intracellular network of filaments that is believed to participate in maintaining the structural integrity of cells. Twenty individual polypeptides, divided into two groups, constitute the cytokeratin family. Each type of epithelial cell can be characterized by its content of cytokeratin polypeptides since the expression pattern varies with the type of epithelium. During transformation of normal epithelial cells into malignant cells, the cytokeratin patterns are usually maintained. This property has enabled the use of cytokerations as histological tumor markers, especially for tumors that are not easily classified. Cytokeratins 8, 18 and 19 are the most abundant cytokeratins in carcinomas. They are released into necrotic areas and can be found intratumorally and in blood, circulating as partially degraded complexes, and can as such be used as tumor markers. Cytokeratin deposits in tumors make these structures potential targets for radioimmunodetection and immunotherapy. The usefulness of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) as a serological tumor marker has been known for a long time. TPA is a molecular complex containing CK8, 18 and 19 and determinations of TPA in serum samples can be used in the follow-up of patients with many types of cancer.
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Primary culture
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Objective To determine the clinical efficacy of cytokeratin 8 and 18 as a novel urine marker for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary tract. Methods Urinary concentrations of cytokeratin 8 and 18 were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 52 cases of TCC and 86 cases of other urological conditions. Results The urinary values of cytokeratin 8 and 18 in the TCC patients (mean 34.8 μg/l) were significantly higher than those in the patients without TCC (mean 9.4 μg/l)(P0.01).At an optimal threshold value of 8.4μg/l,the sensitivity of urinary cytokeratin 8 and 18 for detection of TCC was 73.1%,the specificity was 73.3%,the positive predictive value was 62.3%,and the sensitivity for detection of recurrent TCC of the bladder was 100%. Conclusions Urinary cytokeratin 8 and 18 is a sensitive,specific and noninvasive diagnostic marker for detection of TCC,and may be more suitable to the postoperative follow-up of bladder TCC.
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The expression of the low molecular weight cytokeratins (K) 7, 8, 18, 19 and the high molecular weight cytokeratin 10 in 21 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was studied using seven different monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) with specific anti-cytokeratin activity. MoAbs RCK 105 (anti-K7), RPN 1164 (anti-low molecular weight cytokeratins of basic group), Ks 19.1 (anti-K19) and Cam 5.2 (anti-K8, K18, K19) reacted positively but inconsistently in the BCC that were examined. MoAbs 1166 (anti-K8) and RGE53 (anti-K18) did not react at all. MoAb RKSE 60 (anti-K10) did not react with the tumor cells. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that cytokeratins 7 and 19 are expressed in BCC (43% and 71%, respectively), whereas cytokeratin 8 is not expressed.
Basal (medicine)
Keratin 8
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Human liver parenchymal cells have a very simple cytokeratin composition and express only one cytokeratin pair: cytokeratin 8 (a type II cytokeratin, molecular weight 52 kD) and cytokeratin 18 (a type I cytokeratin, molecular weight 45 kD). Intrahepatic bile duct cells contain in addition to cytokeratins 8 and 18 also cytokeratins 7 (a type II cytokeratin, molecular weight 54 kD) and cytokeratin 19 (a type I cytokeratin, molecular weight 40 kD). The paper deals with the cytokeratin expression in various types of benign and malignant primary liver tumors as assessed by immunohistochemical methods or by the use of gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of cytoskeletal extracts.
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In an immunohistochemical investigation designed to study a mutated p53 protein in transitional-cell tumours (n = 44) we succeeded in identifying the presence of two types of transitional-cell tumours of human urinary bladder, such as p53 immunopositive and p53 immunonegative transitional-cell tumours. Thus, the results of the immunohistochemical investigation into the protein p53 were found out to directly correlate with the clinical course of transitional-cell tumours, that are held to be of great differential-diagnostic and prognostic significance.
Transitional Cell
P53 protein
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