Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in Turkey
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Abstract Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are among the most common infectious diseases in humans. The prevalence of herpes simplex viruses type 1 (HSV‐1) and type 2 (HSV‐2) varies widely across the world. HSV‐2 infection is the primary cause of genital herpes. It is highly prevalent in human populations in many parts of the world, and is the most common cause of genital ulcer disease worldwide. In spite of the large prevalence and growing incidence of herpes simplex infection (HSV‐1 and HSV‐2), relatively few data have been published regarding the seroprevalence of herpes simplex infection, while no data exist regarding the Turkish population. Methods We aimed to investigate the prevalence of HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 in selected populations in Turkey. A cross‐sectional study was conducted involving 2082 serum samples of 725 adults, 300 pregnant women, 200 blood donors, 483 sex workers and 110 patients with genital warts and 264 hotel staff in Istanbul, Turkey. All serum samples were assessed for HSV1 and HSV‐2 IgG antibodies using an HSV‐type specific, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The prevalence of HSV‐2 and HSV‐1 antibodies was 4.8 and 85.3% in sexually active adults; 5.5 and 96% in blood donors; 5 and 98% in pregnant women, 17.3 and 93.6% in patients with genital warts; 8.3 and 97.3% in hotel staff; and 60% and 99% in sex workers. Conclusion These results confirm a higher prevalence of HSV infection than estimated, especially in high risk groups in Turkey. The high prevalence of HSV infection underlines the need for education among these populations.Keywords:
Seroprevalence
Sex organ
Herpes Genitalis
Genital ulcer
There are a number of differences in the clinical presentation and management of genital herpes in HIV-infected individuals compared to those not infected with HIV disease. The frequency and severity of genital herpes may be greater and disseminated disease is seen more frequently. Few studies have been designed specifically to establish the effectiveness of the currently available therapies for HIV-positive patients co-infected with genital herpes. Most agents appear to be effective in the treatment of immunocompromised patients, although higher doses may have to be used for longer and drug resistance occurs more commonly. There is emerging evidence that recurrent genital herpes has a significant effect on increased transmission of HIV disease.
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Herpes Genitalis
Genital ulcer
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Herpes Genitalis
Shingles
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Genital herpes is a recurrent, lifelong sexual transmitted infection caused by HSV, especially type 2. Genital herpes is the most common infection in HIV patient. HSV-2 can increase the risk of HIV acquisition 2 to 3 times. Clinical manifestations of genital herpes can be different between HIV- infected and non-HIV patients. HIV-infected patients have a high risk of developing chronic and severe genital ulcers with atypical manifestation, prolonged healing, and resistant to treatment, depends on CD4 count. Genital herpes can be diagnosed based on history, clinical manifestation, laboratory and histopathologic examination. Management of genital herpes includes education and counseling patients and sexual partners, systemic antiviral, and symptomatic treatment.
Sex organ
Herpes Genitalis
Genital ulcer
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Herpes Genitalis
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Herpes Genitalis
Genital ulcer
Sex organ
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Genital herpes is a recurrent, lifelong sexual transmitted infection caused by HSV, especially type 2. Genital herpes is the most common infection in HIV patient. HSV-2 can increase the risk of HIV acquisition 2 to 3 times. Clinical manifestations of genital herpes can be different between HIV- infected and non-HIV patients. HIV-infected patients have a high risk of developing chronic and severe genital ulcers with atypical manifestation, prolonged healing, and resistant to treatment, depends on CD4 count. Genital herpes can be diagnosed based on history, clinical manifestation, laboratory and histopathologic examination. Management of genital herpes includes education and counseling patients and sexual partners, systemic antiviral, and symptomatic treatment.
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Herpes Genitalis
Genital ulcer
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In Brief Background The proportion of cases of genital ulcer disease attributable to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) appears to be increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. Goal To assess the contributions of HIV disease and behavioral response to the HIV epidemic to the increasing proportion of genital ulcer disease (GUD) attributable to HSV-2 in sub-Saharan Africa. Study Design Simulations of the transmission dynamics of ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV with use of the model STDSIM. Results In simulations, 28% of GUD was caused by HSV-2 before a severe HIV epidemic. If HIV disease was assumed to double the duration and frequency of HSV-2 recurrences, this proportion rose to 35% by year 2000. If stronger effects of HIV were assumed, this proportion rose further, but because of increased HSV-2 transmission this would shift the peak in HSV-2 seroprevalence to an unrealistically young age. A simulated 25% reduction in partner-change rates increased the proportion of GUD caused by HSV-2 to 56%, following relatively large decreases in chancroid and syphilis. Conclusion Behavioral change may make an important contribution to relative increases in genital herpes. Modeling scenarios suggest that behavioral responses to the HIV epidemic may have contributed markedly to observed increases in the proportion of genital ulcer disease due to herpes simplex virus type 2 in sub-Saharan Africa.
Genital ulcer
Chancroid
Herpes Genitalis
Seroprevalence
Sex organ
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has become more common as the cause of genital herpes (GH), particularly in young women.1–4 It is not well known whether the trend is general or whether it occurs mainly in urban environments. We aimed at elucidating the role of HSV-1 in GH in the sparsely populated Northern Finland using virological samples from genital HSV infections from various local clinics.
The study involved 400 HSV-positive genital viral culture samples collected during the years 1991–2010. The samples …
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Sex organ
HSL and HSV
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Increased reporting of genital herpes has led to claims in the lay press of an epidemic of herpes genitalis. In a study at Queen's University Student Health Service during a nine-month period, a first diagnosis of genital herpes was made in 5.9/1,000 students attending the clinic. Excluding those patients with recurrent illness by history, the incidence of genital herpes was 4.5/1,000. Recovery of the virus was successful in 91 percent of attempted cultures. Complications were low. Genital herpes is an important sexually transmitted disease in the student population, but claims of an epidemic are exaggerated.
Herpes Genitalis
Sex organ
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