Catalytic degradation of polystyrene into styrene and a design of recyclable polystyrene with dispersed catalysts
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Polystyrene
Degradation
Expanded polystyrene
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Abstract An extensive and detailed analysis of copolymers was made by developing a rapid spectrophotometric method. Successful analysis of composition in styrene‐ p ‐methoxystyrene, styrene‐ p ‐chlorostyrene, and styrene‐ p ‐fluorostyrene copolymers were performed by UV spectrometry. Their absorption bands were investigated either with respect to pure polystyrene or with respect to the homopolymer of the other constituent at the same wavelength. Attempts to analyze copolymers of styrene‐4‐vinylpyridine and styrene‐ N ‐vinylcarbazole by similar methods were unsuccessful.
Polystyrene
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Reactivity
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The copolymerization of styrene with eight polymerizable fluorescent dyes, naphthalimide derivatives, was investigated. Their effect on the polymerization rate was established. It was found that the chemical structure of the dye influences the copolymerization process. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Abstract Styrene was copolymerized in bulk with cinnamonitrile, benzylidenemalononitrile, ethyl benzylidenecyanoacetate, and atroponitrile at 80°C. up to low conversions. The usual reaction scheme of copolymerization fitted only the pair styrene‐atroponitrile. The kinetic scheme of the other three pairs fitted the scheme proposed by Barb, taking into account the effect of the penultimate unit.
Side chain
Kinetic scheme
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Abstract The sequence distribution of the monomelic units in the styrene-acrylic acid copolymer has been obtained by calculation. The probability of long sequences of styrene increases with an increase in the content of the monomer in the copolymer. The highest distribution of short sequences of styrene takes place for the copolymer containing equimolecular amounts of styrene and acrylic acid. The copolymer which has this latter structure is inadequate for the synthesis of highly active supported complexes. When the distributions of long and short sequences of styrene are approximately equal, the activity of the Nd and Fe prepared polymer complexes is higher.
Acrylic acid
Sequence (biology)
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A new rare earth catalyst system was found in our laboratory. Not only styrene and iso-prene are copolymerized but also styrene and butadiene are copolymerized with the new catalyst system-4f metal compounds-alkyl aluminium compounds-other components. The copolymers are characterized as the block copolymers containing 4.0-4.5(%) gels, 22.0-97.7(%) cis-l,4-contents and 8.3-79.8 (mol%) styrene contents by means of IR, 1H-NMR,13C-NMR and Dynamic mechanic properties.
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Isoprene
Diene
Styrene-butadiene
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Styrene/maleic anhydride (MA) copolymerization was carried out using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO). Styrene/MA copolymerization proceeded faster and yielded higher molecular weight products compared to styrene homopolymerization. When styrene/MA copolymerization was approximated to follow the first-order kinetics, the apparent activation energy appeared to be lower than that corresponding to styrene homopolymerization. Molecular weight of products from isothermal copolymerization of styrene/MA increased linearly with the conversion. However products from the copolymerization at different temperatures had molecular weight deviating from the linear relationship indicating that the copolymerization did not follow the perfect living polymerization characteristics. During the copolymerization, MA was preferentially consumed by styrene/MA random copolymerization and then polymerization of practically pure styrene continued to produce copolymers with styrene-co-MA block and styrene-rich block. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2239–2244, 2000
Maleic anhydride
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