2-D alignment analysis of capacitively coupled contactless power transfer systems
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Abstract:
Capacitive Power Transfer (CPT) technology has been proposed and investigated recently as an alternative contactless power transfer solution which has the advantages of being able to transfer power across metal barriers and having low standing power losses. Alignment between the primary and secondary plates is one of the most important factors affecting the performance of a CPT system because any misalignment may cause a significant drop in the output power. This paper analyses the effect of the coupling variation caused by misalignments of the coupling plates and suggests improvement methods for achieving better tolerance. A simple circuit model is established and the system voltage transfer function is derived to investigate the 2-D alignments. It has been found that placing the tuning inductor on the primary side of the circuit can greatly improve the misalignment tolerance between the primary and secondary plates and even increase the system output voltage. The theoretical analysis has been verified by simulation and experimental results.Keywords:
Capacitive coupling
Voltage drop
The article discusses the simulation of a partial discharge (PD) pulse in a power single-core coaxial cable using a capacitive sensor. The sensor provides capacitive coupling to the test sample and its capacitive element is in fact part of the total capacitance of the cable. The resistive element added to the design makes it possible to register current pulses of partial discharges. At the same time, the used sensor has no connection with high-voltage electrodes of the systems, which is its undoubted advantage in comparison with conventional capacitive sensors.
Resistive touchscreen
Capacitive coupling
Coaxial
High Voltage
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The resistance and capacitance of a typical multipoint contact interface have been used to assess the impact on high-frequency signal integrity. In the past, it has been shown how fully degraded interfaces could still provide acceptable performance for signal transfers at high data rates. In the case of fully degraded contacts, signals were shown to transfer by capacitive coupling and wave propagation. This paper focuses on the critical parameters of a capacitive-coupled interface. Moreover, the physics of the contact interface is related to contacts that rely on capacitive (as opposed to metallic) coupling and electronic tunneling. These results help define the physics and design requirements for capacitive coupling. In addition, critical performance parameters such as real contact area, film thickness, and the nature of dielectric films are defined for high-frequency signal propagation. This paper provides a contrast between the requirements for high-frequency signal transfer using capacitive coupling and electron tunneling versus traditional metallic contact.
Capacitive coupling
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Interface (matter)
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HF RFID transponders with capacitive coupling were made. They have two electrodes for capacitive coupling instead of a coil for magnetic induction coupling. Prototypes of capacitive coupling transponder communicate via a medium composed of conductors and/or dielectrics normally existing around us. In HF band, since the human body is also a conductor and a dielectric, RFID communication can be carried out through the human body. Transponders with capacitive coupling have the possibility to widen the application of RFID and realize more natural and intuitive applications. In this paper, the measurement results of the antennas specially designed for capacitive coupling are reported. Characteristics unique to capacitive coupling type RFID on human body are also described. In particular, the influence of individual differences and the result of examination about correspondence to RFID regulations indispensable for practical application are introduced.
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After the concept of electromagnetic fields was summarized by scientists, a new technique called capacitive coupling was invented. This technique is a way to transmit signals. The front-end circuit and back-end circuit may be connected together by a capacitive coupling to eliminate physical contact. Such a capacitive coupling minimizes the possibility of poor physical contact between two circuits due to vibration, corrosion and the like. Thus, the reliability and stability of data between the two circuits are improved. It can be applied to many practical aspects. At the same time, the application of capacitive coupling electrode has its limitations. The limitations come from the coupling area and distance, electrode materials and other influencing factors. There are many problems in the application process. Scientists have come up with a number of solutions. This paper summarizes the information about capacitive coupling electrode. Then this paper lists some factors that influence capacitive coupling as well as some practical applications of it.
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Capacitive type wireless power transfer systems, CPT, are becoming a suitable alternative to inductive type transfer systems. However, because their research is relatively recent, they have not achieved the power and efficiency levels of their inductive counterparts. To increase power with high efficiencies, feedback loops are used, but achieving adequate stability is problematic since the resonance frequency of this type of wireless system changes with respect to the distance of the capacitive plates, making it difficult to design the controller that could be used. In this work, the use of multi-resonant schemes to stabilize the resonance frequency is proposed. In particular, the analysis of the multi-resonant tank topology modified to compensate the frequency variation of a capacitive type energy transfer scheme is presented.
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Capacitive coupling occurs in the presence of the electric field on any metal conductor. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the capacitive coupling which appears if the voltages difference between the circuits is large and to present a method of reducing capacitive coupling.
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Direct coupling
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The resistance and capacitance of a typical multi-point contact interface has been used to assess the impact on high frequency signal integrity. In the past it was shown how fully degraded interfaces can still provide acceptable performance for high data rate signal transfers. In the case of fully degraded contacts, signals were shown to transfer by capacitive coupling and wave propagation. This paper focuses on the critical parameters of a capacitive coupled interface. Moreover, the physics of the contact interface is related to contacts that rely on capacitive (as opposed to metallic) coupling and electronic tunneling. These results help define the physics and design requirements for capacitive coupling. In addition, critical performance parameters such as real contact area, film thickness and the nature of dielectric films are defined for high frequency signal propagation. This paper provides a contrast between the requirements for high frequency signal transfer using capacitive coupling and electron tunneling versus traditional metallic contact.
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The capacitive coupler is an attractive tool for on‐site partial discharge (PD) detection in a cable joint. To study its sensitivity characteristic, PDs in a 110‐kV prefabricated joint containing two artificial defects were detected successively using capacitive couplers with six different electrode widths installed at the same position of the cable. For the quantification of sensor sensitivity, the sensitivity factor is defined as the ratio of capacitive coupler output voltage amplitude to apparent charge that was determined through a conventional PD‐measuring circuit according to IEC 60270. As random variables, the sensitivity factors were displayed in the probability distribution plots for each capacitive coupler to visually compare their sensitivity levels. The results demonstrate an almost monotonically increasing dependence of sensitivity on the coupling electrode width, which agrees with the qualitative analysis based on the amplitude–frequency characteristic of the capacitive coupler. Besides, there is an obvious distinction in sensitivity factors between two distinct defects, indicating that the capacitive coupler is more suitable for PD trend analysis rather than apparent charge quantification. In addition, the insensitivity of the capacitive coupler to certain defect types may explain the cause of some undetectable dead zones in on‐site PD measurement. This study provides experimental support for the geometrical optimization of capacitive couplers. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Capacitively Coupled Power Transfer (CCPT) technology has been proposed recently as an alternate contactless power transfer solution. This paper proposes a CCPT system with a matrix type of primary charging pad to maintain desired output voltage regardless of the positioning and alignment of the pickup. The capacitive coupling and system performance are analyzed in details, and a new algorithm is developed to control the proposed system. A prototype CCPT system using readily available aluminium sheets as the capacitive coupling pad is developed to prove the concept design. The system demonstrates that 0.7–2.5W output power can be obtained under coupling variation.
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Capacitive coupling
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Biosignal
SIGNAL (programming language)
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