A preliminary survey of Atopobium vaginae in women attending the Dunedin gynaecology out‐patients clinic: Is the contribution of the hard‐to‐culture microbiota overlooked in gynaecological disorders?
Jeremy P. BurtonChris N. ChilcottMohammed A. A. AlqumberHeather J. L. BrooksDon WilsonJohn TaggCelia Devenish
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Abstract Preliminary studies have indicated that the recently described bacterium Atopobium vaginae may have an association with bacterial vaginosis (BV). Fifty‐five women attending the gynaecology out‐patient's clinic were tested for the presence of this micro‐organism, Gardnerella vaginalis , Mobiluncus and Bacteroides species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based assays. The frequency of detection was 40%. PCR detection of Gardnerella vaginalis with A. vaginae , occurred in 50% of A. vaginae ‐positive cases. Due to the high detection rate of A. vaginae we believe that it is important to determine whether this and other hard‐to‐culture microorganisms have a role in gynaecological disorders.Keywords:
Gardnerella vaginalis
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Gardnerella vaginalis
Prevotella
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The differences in the phenotype and genotype of Gardnerella vaginalis isolates from patients with bacterial vaginosis (BV) and from patients without BV are unknown. In our study, 43 isolates of G. vaginalis were examined for biotype (hippurate hydrolysis, lipase, and beta-galactosidase activity), sensitivity to metronidazole, and genotype. Of the 117 women visiting the gynecology clinic at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center who were included in the study, 27.4% were found to have BV. G. vaginalis was found in samples from 87.5% of women with BV, from 34.0% of women with intermediate BV, and from 26.4% of women with healthy vaginal ecosystems. Among patients with G. vaginalis, biotypes 7 and 8 were isolated from 32% and 20% of patients, respectively. Biotype 5 was predominantly associated with a healthy vaginal ecosystem (P=.0004). Biotypes 5 and 7 were the most resistant to metronidazole. No specific phenotype or genotype of G. vaginalis causes BV.
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Vaginal disease
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ABSTRACT Gardnerella vaginalis is a predominant species in bacterial vaginosis, a dysbiosis of the vagina that is associated with adverse health outcomes, including preterm birth. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of 15 Gardnerella vaginalis strains (now available through BEI Resources) isolated from women with and without bacterial vaginosis.
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Gardnerella vaginalis
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Objective. To assess the importance of identifying different genotypes of Gardnerella vaginalis in the diagnosis of recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Materials and methods. The study involved 299 women of reproductive age. All patients were divided into three groups (healthy women, women with the first episode of bacterial vaginosis, and women with recurrent bacterial vaginosis). DNA of Gardnerella vaginalis in vaginal discharge was detected by real-time PCR. The detection of four genotypes of G. vaginalis was performed using real-time multiplex PCR. To quantify the amplified PCR fragments, quantitative standard samples were constructed. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the statistical package NCSS 11 (NCSS, LCC). Results. In 38.2 % of healthy women, any one genotype of G. vaginalis was identified in the vaginal biotope, most often it was genotype 4 (35.2 %), while the concentration of G. vaginalis DNA was low (102–103 geqs/ml). When several genotypes of gardnerella were detected simultaneously in healthy women, the DNA concentration did not exceed 104 geqs/ml. A completely different picture was observed among women with bacterial vaginosis (BV). In the first episode of BV, genotype 4 of G. vaginalis prevailed, both as a single genotype and in combination with 1 or 2, or 3 genotypes. In the recurrent course of BV, only 3–4 genotypes of G. vaginalis were detected at once, and in 78 % of cases it had place is a combination of 1, 2 and 4 genotypes, and the DNA concentration was 107–108 geqs/ml. Conclusion. To diagnose recurrent forms of BV, it is necessary to develop and introduce into practice laboratory diagnostics a test system for detecting different genotypes of G. vaginalis by real-time PCR.
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Background Bacterial vaginosis is the most common lower genital tract infection among women of reproductive age. Its causative agent is often the bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis , which exists in synergism with other mostly anaerobic bacteria such as Atopobium vaginae , Mobiluncus curtisii , and Megasphaera type I. Methods A total of 211 women, who referred to obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Rasht City for suspected vaginal infections, were tested for possible bacterial vaginosis. The presence of G. vaginalis and A. vaginae was verified by 5 different laboratory methods based on the Amsel criteria. These methods included determination of pH, whiff test, and observation of clue cells in a direct smear. Polymerase chain reaction using specific primers was performed on the extracted DNA from the vaginal specimens. Results Sixty cases of bacterial vaginosis, of the 211 women tested for suspected vaginal infections, were confirmed using Amsel criteria. In 44% (29/66) and 29% (19/66) of these bacterial vaginosis cases, the presence of G. vaginalis and A. vaginae was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Conclusions Gardnerella vaginalis had a very high prevalence in the 18- to 35-year-old women suffering from bacterial vaginosis in this region of Iran. Presumably, these cases were recommended for appropriate treatment, but the wider issue is about prevention in this age group and appropriate public health messages to raise awareness.
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Vaginal discharge
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