Effect of Fabrication Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Ceramic Tool Materials
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In order to investigate the effect of hot-press fabrication parameters on mechanical properties of Al2O3 ceramic tool materials, the orthogonal experiment method was used. In the experiments, the three influence factors such as the fabrication temperature, pressure and duration time are considered. The experimental results are analyzed by a range analysis of orthogonal experiments. It is shown that the most important factor that affects the mechanical properties is the fabrication temperature and the followed factors are the fabrication pressure and the duration time of fabrication. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals that the hot-press fabrication parameters will significantly affect the microstructure of ceramic tool materials, which can govern the mechanical properties. This has been validated by the orthogonal experiments in the present paper.We report the fabrication and characterization of solution-route CeO2 thin films with a tunable porosity and microstructure. Films were deposited by means of inkjet printing technique using 0.2 M, 0.4 M and 0.6 M concentration inks prepared from Ce(NO3)3·6H2O precursor. Printing was performed at two different temperatures of 60 °C and 300 °C to study the variation in structure. Printing parameters were adjusted for the consecutive deposition of layers, resulting in ≈140 nm and ≈185 nm thick single layers for 60 °C and 300 °C printing temperatures, respectively. We compared the microstructure of printed films for different concentrations, printing temperatures, solvents and substrates. The formation of the cubic fluorite structure of the printed films was confirmed via XRD characterization. We suggest this technique as an advanced method for high-quality film fabrication with a controlled microstructure and with a minimal waste of materials. Through adjusting printing parameters, both dense and porous films can be produced for use in different applications.
Characterization
Deposition
Inkjet Printing
Screen printing
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Bone possesses excellent mechanical properties, which are closely related to its favorable microstructures optimized by nature through millions of years. In this work, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microstructures of a shankbone. It showed that the bone is a kind of bioceramic composite consisting of hydroxyapatite layers and collagen protein matrix. The hydroxyapatite layers are further composed of long and thin hydroxyapatite sheets. The hydroxyapatite sheets in different hydroxyapatite layers distribute along different orientations, which composes a kind of intersectant microstructure. The maximum pullout force of the intersectant microstructure was investigated and compared with that of 0° microstructure with their representative models. The result indicated that the maximum pullout force of the intersectant microstructure is markedly larger than that of the 0° microstructure, which was experimentally verified.
Bioceramic
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Based on analysis of the surface layer microstructure of samples obtained from a plate die casting, three characteristics of surface layer microstructure including thick and fine chilled microstructure, a small amount of chilled microstructure and no chilled microstructure, were observed. The formation reasons of microstructures with three different characteristics were discussed by simulating filling and solidification process for the plate die casting. The results indicate that the mode of collision between filling liquid and die surface as well as the solidification sequence have important effects on the formation of surface layer microstructure.
Surface layer
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Transparent ceramics
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Ingot
Dendrite (mathematics)
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The microstructure and mechanical property of the molybdenum rings in the different weight is analyzed by the optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the microhardness tester.The results show that when the weight of the powders is0.35 g,the low densification is obtained due to the lightweight of the powders,the molybdenum ring with the refined microstructure,lower porosity and better discharge ability is obtained when the weight of the powders is 0.4 g.The hardness is increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of the weight of powders,when the weight is 0.385 g,the largest value is obtained.
Morphology
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Micro photoforming is considered to be a useful and promising technique for manufacturing microstructures or micromechanisms. But the materials used in usual photoforming methods are restricted to UV photohardenable resins, and their properties are usually found unsatisfactory. In this paper, the authors proposed a new application of micro photoforming for manufacturing ceramic microstructures. According to the proposal, a liquid mixture, which is made by blending a photohardenable resin and ceramic powders, is used to photoform microstructures in the green state. The resin in the microstructures can be burnt out by so called deresining at appropriate temperature between 450°C and 600°C, and finally the ceramic microstructures can be obtained after sintering at higher temperature. In this paper, the authors also describe the instrumentation for micro photoforming, report some fundamental results that show the promising feasibility of micro photoforming for making three dimensional microstructures in the green state.
Manufacturing process
Liquid state
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A novel, environmentally friendly solid freeform fabrication method called freeze-form extrusion fabrication (FEF) has been developed for the fabrication of ceramic-based components. The method is based on deposition of ceramic pastes using water as the media. The ceramic solids loading can be 50 vol.% or higher and initial studies have focused on the use of aluminum oxide (Al2O3). The FEF system components and their interaction are examined, and the main process parameters affecting part geometry defined. Three-dimensional shaped components have been fabricated by extrusion deposition of the ceramic paste in a layer-by-layer fashion. The feasibility of this process has been demonstrated by building components having a simple geometry, such as cylinders and solid or hollow cones. Hollow cones have also been fabricated to demonstrate the ability to build structures with sloped walls.
Deposition
Aluminum Oxide
Fused Deposition Modeling
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The effects of three rolling temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of IMI550 alloy 22 mm bars were studied. Experimental raw material having the same amount of rolling deformation,but rolling temperatures were Tβ- 60℃,Tβ- 25 ℃ and Tβ+ 15 ℃. The results showed that the microstructure of IMI550 titanium bars rolling by Tβ- 60 ℃,Tβ-25 ℃ and Tβ+ 15 ℃ were equiaxed microstructure,duplex microstructure and basketweave microstructure respectively. The room temperature tensile strength and 400 ℃ high temperature tensile strength with equiaxed microstructure,duplex microstructure and basketweave microstructure did not show significant difference,and plastic of equiaxed microstructure and duplex microstructure were also similar. The plastic of basketweave microstructure is relatively poor,but the creep properties is the best,duplex microstructure is the second,equiaxed microstructure is the worst.
Equiaxed crystals
Titanium alloy
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Equiaxed crystals
Titanium alloy
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