Consumption and utilization of a soyflour-wheat germ diet by larvae of the tobacco budworm parasitized by the tachinidEucelatoria sp
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Maggot
Abstract Examination of the most commonly used criteria for separating instars in larval chironomids, based on a study of 29 species from three subfamilies in Marion Lake, British Columbia, revealed that only head capsule width or length is suitable. Most chironomids appear to have four larval instars.
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Abstract Feeding and non‐feeding stages within each of the first 3 larval instars of the jarrah leafminer, Perthida glyphopa , are described and figured. The mean length of larval development in mines at a coastal site near Perth was 82.8 days, during which larvae of instars 2 and 3 remained in the non‐feeding stage for 4–6 and 4–7 days respectively.
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The larval instar of Adosomus sp. was researched by measuring the width and length of head and the width of body. The results showed that there are six instars for larva of Adosomus sp., and the head width of larval at different instars accorded with the growth regularity of larva head width which had found by Dyar. In addition, the length and the width of larva body in different instars also showed an obvious linear regression relationship. Therefore, the above indexes can be used for identifying the different instars of Adosomus sp. larva.
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The mature larva and pupa of Graptustriguttatustriguttatus and the mature larva of Peritelussphaeroides are described for the first time. The larvae of Philopedonplagiatum and Tanymecuspalliatus are re-described. Five larval instars were determined in Tanymecus , thereby correcting doubtful data in the literature. The relationship between larval growth, number of larval instars, head width of the mature larva, and the adult weevil is explained using the example of Tanymecus . The nearly constant ratio of subsequent larval instars in head width ratio, termed “growth factor” and derived from Dyar’s ratio, is used for the determination of larval instars. Larval collecting and breeding data are discussed in relation to their significance for the clarification of life-cycles.
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Experiments were conducted in the laboratory to find out the pathogenecity of local isolate of Steinernema carpocapsae against 3rd and 4th instar larvae of Diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) The results of pathogenecity of S. carpocapsae (JMU) against 3rd and 4th instar larvae of P. xylostella reveal that after 96 hours, 100 per cent mortality was recorded in all the instars at all the doses. The LC50 values for 3rd and 4th instar ranged between 6.72 and 11.24 infective juveniles per larva. LT50 values of 3rd and 4th instar larvae were 23.14 and 27.62 hours. In case of P. xylostella maximum infective juveniles (0.33 X 10) were produced from 4t instar larva at a dose of 80 infective juveniles per larva while as minimum number of infective juveniles (0.12 X 10) was obtained from 3rd instar larva at a dose of 10 infective juveniles per larva.
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Last instar larvae of the variegated mud-loving beetle Heterocerus similis Grouvelle are described and illustrated in detail. Comparative notes with earlier instars are also included. Based on the width of the head capsule and the prothorax four different instars were identified; considering that heterocerids show five larval instars, the four instars identified probably correspond to the last four. Larval length was not useful to recognize among different larval stages. The larva of H. similis is compared to that of H. freudei (Pacheco), the only other described South American heterocerid larva.
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The fact that the width of the head capsule of an insect larva is more or less constant for any instar of a species was first demonstrated by Dyar (1890) in his study of lepidopterous larva. This characterization of an instar by head measurements has recently been extended to a large number of species belonging to many orders of insects. The Japanese beetle passes through three instars in its larval development. In the present paper, an analysis is made of a large number of measurements of both the width and the length of the head capsule of the larva at different stages of development to determine if these measurements are characteristic of each instar and can be used to separate random samples of larvae into the three instars. This separation is possible only if there is no overlapping of measurements made on larvae of successive instars.
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The life cycle, feeding behavior, and mortality of the larvae of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were studied under natural conditions in the Georgia Piedmont during the summer of 1975. Four larval stadia had an average developmental time of 5 days each. Instars 1 and 2 make a larval mine, whereas instars 3 and 4 begin and complete a feeding chamber and move into the outer bark to pupate. Larvae mining in perithecial, blue-stained phloem make significantly longer mines than larvae mining in unstained phloem (8.5 mm and 5.2 mm, respectively). For larvae in the lower portion of the bole (2-4 m) a 70.7% mortality occurred between the egg and 1st and 2nd instars, and a 90.4% mortality occurred between the egg and 3rd and 4th instars.
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Maggots of Pegohylemyia sp. have been found inhabiting the cones of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss, in southern Ontario. The species was identified from a single male specimen as probably Pegohylemyia anthracina Czerny by the Swedish authority Dr. O. Ringdahl. Difficulty in rearing the maggots to the adult stage has delayed confirmation of this identification but it is expected that a good series of adults will be available shortly. In this paper, however, the emphasis is placed on the instars with an outline of the life cycle. It is shown that the second- and third-instar larvae are free-living, but the first-instar larvae moult to the second within the egg chorion.
Maggot
White (mutation)
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It is necessary to research defoliator development and the feeding law in order to estimate the developmental stage of defoliator in the field,forecast the extent of their damage and establish the prevention strategy scientifically.Ascotis selenaria is a kind of important defoliator pests of soybean.Up to now,there is no consistent conclusion on its feeding amount and instars.In this experiment,the development and feeding amount of Ascotis selenaria were observed systematically using the method of single larvae fed by detached leaves.The results showed that Ascotis selenaria larvae undergo 6 instars at temperature of 27℃-28℃ and the average developmental duration of larva was 19.05 days.The instar from 1to 6 instar was 3.07,2.00,1.86,2.24,3.33,6.38 d,respectively.Head width and body length were both increasing with the instars,the growth equation as follows:head width y1=0.178e0.489x(R2=0.997);body length,y2=1.671e0.519x(R2=0.994).Total feeding amount of Ascotis selenaria larva was 7 218.88 mm2 and about 2 669.50 mg.The relationship between developmental duration and feeding amount is:leaf area,y1=6.387e1.202x(R2=0.976);leaf weight,y2=0.467e1.319x(R2=0.949).The 4th-6th-instar larva's feeding amount account for more than 98% of the whole larva duration.
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