Metal-to-metal diode detector utilizing a filamentary crystal
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Metal-to-metal point-contact diodes utilizing filamentary crystals were used to detect electromagnetic waves in the shorter wavelength millimeter range. Fabrication techniques were improved as compared with the usually used metal-to-metal diodes utilizing etched tungsten wires.Keywords:
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This report contains the feasibility and cost data for the production of tungsten-rhenium alloys from tungsten targets in the N-Reactor. The two types of target elements assumed were: (a) tungsten containing 90 a/o tungsten-186, 9 a/o tungsten-184 and 1 a/o tungsten-183 and 182, and (b) tungsten of natural isotopic composition.
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TRACER
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Tungsten Carbide
Tungsten Compounds
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Tungsten hexafluoride adsorbs on tungsten surfaces and reacts to form , which desorbs at about 250 K. At higher temperatures, desorbs. Tungsten fluoride desorption was not affected by co‐adsorption of or , so production of appears to be an unavoidable feature of tungsten chemical vapor deposition processes based on . The initial sticking coefficient for on tungsten at 240 K is about 10−3.
Tungsten Compounds
Deposition
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A micro-structuring of the tungsten plasma-facing surface can strongly reduce near surface thermal stresses induced by ELM heat fluxes. This approach has been confirmed by numerical simulations with the help of ANSYS software. For experimental tests, two 10 × 10 mm2 samples of micro-structured tungsten were manufactured. These consisted of 2000 and 5000 vertically packed tungsten fibres with dimensions of Ø240 µm × 2.4 mm and Ø150 µm × 2.4 mm, respectively. The 1.2 mm bottom parts of the fibres are embedded in a copper matrix. The top parts of the fibres have gaps about of 10 µm so they are not touching each others. The top of all tungsten fibres was electro-polished. A Nd:YAG laser with a pulse duration 1 ms and a pulse repetition frequency of 25 Hz was used to simulate up to 105 ELM-like heat pulses. No damage on either of the micro-structured tungsten samples were observed. Neon plasma erosion rate and fuel retention of the micro-structured tungsten samples were almost identical to bulk tungsten samples.
Pulse duration
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Feasibility and cost data are supplied for the production of tungsten-rhenium alloys from tungsten targets in the N-Reactor. The two types of target elements assumed were: (a) tungsten containing 90 a/o tungsten-186, 9 a/o tungsten-184 and 1 a/o tungsten-183 and 182, and (b) tungsten of natural isotopic composition (28.4 a/o tungsten-186, 30.6 a/o tungsten-184, 14.4 a/o tungsten 183, and 26.4 tungsten-182). It is assumed that the average thermal neutron capture cross section for the tungsten-186 is 32 barns.
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A highly sensitive method for tungsten detection in proteins based on the ability of this metal to catalyze the oxidation of with hydrogen peroxide is described. The method allows determining tungsten in protein samples in the concentration range of -0.05 to -0.4 microgram/ml. Molybdenum, at a concentration lower than half the concentration of tungsten, as well as iron, selenium, and pterin at concentrations -2.5 times higher than that of tungsten, had no effect on tungsten determination by this method.
Pterin
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Parallelogram
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Treatment of the tungsten−η1-2,5-dihydropyrrolyl complex 3 with a mixture of Ph3CBF4 and water in cold CH2Cl2 produced the tungsten−η1-2,3-dihydropyrrolium cation 7; this cation gradually lost one proton in CH2Cl2 at 23 °C, to yield the tungsten−η1-2,3-dihydropyrrolyl species 5.
Tungsten Compounds
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