Effects of water chemistry on microcracking and compressive strength of granite
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Distilled water
Shear Strength
Every year, especially in the rainy season, landslides occur quite often in Lao Cai – a northern mountainous province of Vietnam. Specifically, in the year 2019, several landslides were observed to occur near the Sapa Ancient Rock Field in Hau Thao commune, Sapa town, Lao Cai province. In December 2019, a landslide investigation was conducted to examine the mechanism and possible causes of the landslides. Besides that, as the landslide distribution in this area is still unclear, this study will also aim to show the landslide denseness in a 700 m × 700 m square map as well as survey results in 2019 of two main landslides in such map. According to the survey, the landslide is the main phenomenon of geomorphological development in this area, being a combination of multiple different landslides with varying sizes and dissimilar triggers. The first survey landslide is about 50 m wide and 350 m long and has still been going on in recent years, with annual horizontal displacement being around 0.8 m. Meanwhile, the second one is a typical flash-landslide caused by rainfall. Despite being quite small in scale, about 15 m × 40 m, its characteristics indicate a dangerous implication in the future. This information will be the basis for further ongoing studies.
Field survey
Landslide mitigation
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Richter magnitude scale
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Natural hazard
Disaster risk reduction
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On the basis of comprehensive geological environment investigations,this article studies morphological characteristics,distribution and stability of landslide 1,landslide 2,and landslide 3 at the Teng high school.Transfer coefficient method and Morgenstern-Price method are used in calculation of stability of the landslides.Finally there is a comprehensive evaluation on the stability of the landslides.The result shows:(1)Landslide area that happened in landslide 1,landslide 2,and landslide 3 slid and resulted in the unique retrogressive landslide.(2) landslide 2 is basically stable in dry level and under-stable in normal level and flood level;landslide 1 and landslide 3 are stable under any condition.
Landslide mitigation
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—Landslide density analysis based on a temporal landslide distribution over three different years was conducted in Kundasang, Sabah, Malaysia. The analysis involved landslides that occurred in 1984, 2009 and 2012. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between the physical parameter and landslide density analysis based on temporal landslide distribution. This is the preliminary study for landslide hazard assessment. Landslides in these three assessment years were identified based on aerial photographs interpretation. The landslides detail has to be digitised as points and the point density was calculated using 1 km x 1 km grid on the landslide inventory map. From the analysis, there were 494 landslides distributed across the assessment years and by using the natural break classification, the landslide density map was classified into three classes of density, resulting low (1 landslide), moderate (2-3 landslides) and high (>4 landslides). Based on the landslide density analysis, there are 48 km2 that were identified as highly susceptible to landslide. Out of the high landslide density area, 46km2 were indicated as the most susceptible location for landslides due to the type of lithology that may lead to land sliding. This study indicates that the lithology played an important role as they can influence the geomorphologic process, and can induce landslides. As a conclusion, this study found that using the grid technique is an effective way to determine landslide density and detail investigation should be conducted to minimize the impact of landslide occurrences before any development could take place.
Lithology
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Landslide RS survey includes the landslide recognition, the collection of the basic information, and the spatial analysis. With the Tiantaixiang landslide RS as an example, this paper illustrates the utilization of “special points” to determine the boundary and influence zone, movement characteristics and scale of the landslide. Landslide RS monitoring can be divided into direct RS monitoring and indirect RS monitoring. It is difficult to determine the exact time for large scale high velocity landslide movement, the scale of landslide movement is relatively small compared with the resolution of the satellite image, and as RS data are discontinuous and rather expensive, they are not quite suitable for RS direct landslide monitoring. Indirect monitoring means monitoring the environmental change caused by landslide activities. The Yigong landslide RS serves as another example to illustrate RS monitoring of lake change, ecological destruction and new landslides caused by landslide dam burst.Landslide RS evaluation means the evaluation of the stability, the prediction of the future activities, the detection of the affecting factors and the evaluation of the regional hazards caused by landslide development. Tiantaixiang and Qianjiangpin landslides and regional landslides in the Three Gorge area all serve as examples.
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Abstract This study introduces two examples of landslide countermeasures in Shikoku, Japan. The first case is a landslide that occurred in the Chichibu belt. This landslide was characterized by loose rock mass (past landslide mass) distributed at a maximum thickness of approximately 30m. As a result of comparing and examining the three types of construction methods as countermeasures against this landslide, it was judged that the countermeasure works combining the anchor works and the drainage boring works was the most appropriate. This landslide experienced the largest downpours since the completion of the countermeasures, but no landslide activity has been confirmed. The second case is a landslide that occurred in the Mikabu belt. This site was a place where fragile geology was distributed, but a cut at the lower end of the slope was implemented for road construction. After this cutting work, landslides occurred on the slope during heavy rain. Two landslides occurred step by step with the rainfall. As a result of a comparative study of the two countermeasures for this landslide, it was determined that the countermeasure that combined earth removal, anchoring and drainage boring was the most appropriate. The landslide activity was stopped after the countermeasure work was completed, and road construction was completed safely.
Countermeasure
Landslide mitigation
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The image features of landslides with different kinds of geological conditions,types and runout distances show great difference in remote sensing images with different resolutions.For long-runout landslide and complex landslide,the available interpretation keys are few,so that the identification of landslide mainly relies on ground survey.On the basis of the achievements of landslide remote sensing investigation obtained both in China and abroad and the remote sensing investigation projects for geological hazards,the authors analyzed the remote sensing image features of typical landslides,including Daqingkan Landslide,Qianjiangping Landslide,Wulong Landslide and 102 landslide group in Tibetan region.Then,the interpretation keys to landslides,especially to the high-speed and long-runout landslides,were summarized for colleagues'reference.
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