Prostate Carcinoma: Atrophy or Not Atrophy That is the Question
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Prostate carcinoma
Objective:To explore the expression and significance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) in prostate carcinoma tissues.Methods:The expression of STAT3 in 40 cases of prostate carcinoma tissues and 12 cases of normal prostate tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining.Results:The positive rate of the expression of STAT3 in prostate carcinoma was 87.5%,and was significantly higher than 41.7% in the normal prostate tissue,there was a significant difference between two groups(P0.01).STAT3 expression levels were closely related to the pathological grade of prostate cancer.Conclusion:Compared with the normal prostate tissue,the expression level of STAT3 in prostate carcinoma is significantly higher.It suggests that the expression of STAT3 may be related to the risk and develop-ment of prostate carcinoma.
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Summary. The third case of a culturally and histologically proven candidosis of the prostate in the world literature available to us is reported. Autopsy of a 59‐year‐old man with metastasizing bronchial carcinoma as predisposing primary disease revealed a local candidosis of the prostate in the left lobe of the prostate, without evidence of a Candida sepsis. Parallel and different aspects in comparison with the other two cases are described. Zusammenfassung. Der dritte Fall in der Weltliteratur einer kulturell und histologisch gesi‐cherten Prostata‐Candidose wird beschrieben. Die Obduktion eines 59‐jährigen Mannes mit metastasierendem Bronchialcarcinom als prädis‐ponierende Grunderkrankung ergab eine lokale Prostata‐Candidose im linken Prostatalappen, ohne Hinweise für eine Candida‐Sepsis . Parallelen und Unterschiede zu den zwei weiteren Kasuisti‐ken werden dargestellt.
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Cerebral atrophy
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Two typical cases of lipo-atrophy of the ankles are described, one case of atrophy of the ankles with associated atrophy of the whole extremity, and one case of localized atrophy of the knee. For comparison, we present one case of atrophy in a diabetic patient due to insulin injections but developing at distant sites, and in one case, a child in whom atrophy followed antibiotic injections. Primary inflammatory vascular changes in the subcutaneous tissue were demonstrated in atrophy of the ankles, as in the early period of insulin-induced lipo-atrophy. Attention is called to the possible relation of the described lipo-atrophies.
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Neuroradiology
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Conventional imaging techniques have serious limitations in the detection, staging, and restaging of prostate carcinoma. Anti-1-amino-3-(18)F-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (anti-(18)F-FACBC)is a synthetic l-leucine analog that has excellent in vitro uptake within the DU-145 prostate carcinoma cell line and orthotopically implanted prostate tumor in nude rats. There is little renal excretion compared with (18)F-FDG. The present study examines anti-(18)F-FACBC uptake in patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent prostate carcinoma.Fifteen patients with a recent diagnosis of prostate carcinoma (n = 9) or suspected recurrence (n = 6) underwent 65-min dynamic PET/CT of the pelvis after intravenous injection of 300-410 MBq anti-(18)F-FACBC followed by static body images. Each study was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Maximum standardized uptake values were recorded in the prostate or prostate bed, and within lymph nodes at 4.5 min (early) and 20 min (delayed), and correlated with clinical, imaging and pathologic follow-up. Time-activity curves were also generated for benign and malignant tissue.In the 8 patients with newly diagnosed prostate carcinoma who underwent dynamic scanning, visual analysis correctly identified the presence or absence of focal neoplastic involvement in 40 of 48 prostate sextants. Pelvic nodal status correlated with anti-(18)F-FACBC findings in 7 of 9 patients and was indeterminate in 2 of 9. In all 4 patients in whom there was proven recurrence, visual analysis was successful in identifying disease (1 prostate bed, 3 extraprostatic). In 3 of these patients, (111)In-capromab-pendetide had no significant uptake at nodal and skeletal foci. Malignant lymph node uptake in both the staging and restaging patients was significantly higher than benign nodal uptake. Though uptake faded with time, in all 6 patients with either lymph node metastases or recurrent prostate bed carcinoma, there was intense persistent uptake at 65 min.Anti-(18)F-FACBC is a promising radiotracer for imaging prostate carcinoma. Radiotracer uptake was demonstrated in primary and metastatic disease. Future research should investigate the mechanism of radiotracer uptake in normal and pathologic tissue and develop a clinical imaging strategy for initial staging and restaging.
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A group of 185 patients with brain atrophy found in CT is presented. The purpose of the study was to call attention to the the significance, frequency and clinical signs of brain atrophy. All patients were divided into two groups: 78 cases with secondary brain atrophy associated with other diseases of central nervous system and 107 cases of "primary" brain atrophy. The last one was an only finding without any other pathological lesions in the brain. Depending on the localisation, three groups of brain atrophy were isolated: generalized, subcortical and cortical. The clinical picture was analysed in the group of "primary" brain atrophy. In the studied group the most frequent cause of hospitalisation were epileptic seizures, the next one: headache, one-side hemiparesis or hemihypaesthesia, dizziness and incoordination. Neurological examination showed that one-side signs were observed very often in generalized brain atrophy. In the group of patients with cortical brain atrophy most patients were without any neurological signs. The analysis of the relationship between the clinical examination and "primary" brain atrophy found in CT, showed lack of characteristic, typical signs, which could be connected with brain atrophy. The problem of difficulty in the diagnosis of brain atrophy is stressed aesthesia. The definition and the significance of brain atrophy should be verified in diagnosis and the conclusions after finding brain atrophy have to be very careful.
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