An observational study of the southern stratospheric spring wave features during 1979–1982, utilizing TOMS data
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Abstract:
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data during the southern hemisphere spring are analyzed to obtain time‐mean and transient wave amplitudes for zonal wave numbers 1–10. It is found that at latitudes south of 50°S, the October total ozone is dominated by the wave number 1 time‐mean component, with largest amplitudes occurring in 1979 and 1982. The November wave number 1 time‐mean amplitudes are reduced from their October values; the largest reductions occur in 1979 and 1982. In contrast, at 40°–45°S the transient amplitudes are dominant. Phases angles for time‐mean wave number 1 are also presented and little year‐to‐year variation is noted south of 50°S. Also obtained with these data are traveling wave power and coherence‐squared spectra. The spectra for eastward traveling features having zonal wave numbers 1–3 are presented. All of these wave numbers exhibit eastward traveling features at high latitudes, with no evidence of westward traveling features.Lamina
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Mean radiant temperature
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A sensitivity experiment has been performed with a stratosphere‐resolving GCM where the mean state and variability of the stratosphere have been altered. It is shown that this has a significant effect on the mean and variability of wintertime northern hemisphere surface climate. In particular it is shown that the stratosphere strongly contributes to the persistence of the surface Arctic Oscillation at lags of 10–25 days. This confirms the importance of the stratosphere on surface climate that has been inferred by recent studies examining the Arctic Oscillation in reanalysis datasets.
Arctic oscillation
Sudden stratospheric warming
Quasi-biennial oscillation
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Summary. Most Southern Hemisphere birds breed in the Southern Hemisphere spring and summer. Imported specimens of most of these species change their rhythm so as to breed in the northern spring and summer in the Northern Hemisphere. Some Southern Hemisphere birds breed in the Southern Hemisphere winter (or very early spring). Imported specimens change their rhythm so as to breed in the northern winter in the Northern Hemisphere. Dromiceius movæ‐hollandiz (Emu) and Cereopsis n,‐hollandiz (Cape Barren Goose) examples. Some Southern Hemisphere birds with a restricted breeding season in their native land breed all the year round (or at any time of year) when imported into the Northern Hemisphere. Chempis atratu (Black Swan) is an example. Some Southern Hemisphere birds tend to breed in the same calendar months when imported into the Northern Hemisphere as the members of species in their native land. Examples are Platycercus cenustus (Northern Rosella Parrot), Melopsittucus undirlatus (Budgerygah), and Poëphila gouldiæ (Gouldian Finch). Imported specimens of these species exhibit an internal rhythm in breeding seasons, not, easily influenced by the environment.
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A trajectory analysis of air parcels for the Southern Hemisphere winter is performed with observed data. The low‐dispersive region exists around 60°S and poleward in the lower stratosphere. This low‐dispersive feature is probably related to the low ozone density over the Antarctica in winter.
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Recent measurements on dendrochronologically-dated wood from the Southern Hemisphere have shown that there are differences between the structural form of the radiocarbon calibration curves from each hemisphere. Thus, it is desirable, when possible, to use calibration data obtained from secure dendrochronologically-dated wood from the corresponding hemisphere. In this paper, we outline the recent work and point the reader to the internationally recommended data set that should be used for future calibration of Southern Hemisphere 14 C dates.
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The first measurement of the hemispheric distribution of N 2 O concentrations in the lower stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere is reported for July 1975. This distribution is similar to those of CCl 3 F and SF 6 , although N 2 O is more stable in the stratosphere than either of the other trace gases. The inventory of N 2 O in the stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere in July 1975 against which future observations can be compared is 136 Tg.
Trace gas
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