Root and Foot Rot Diseases of Winter Wheat Grown in Conventional and Organic Systems
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The object of the study was fungous diseases occurring on roots, leave sheaths and stem base of winter wheat in the two opposing cropping systems (organic and conventional). The observations were made in vegetation periods (2007-2009) in the fields of winter wheat in northern Poland. Every year on each plot of compared farming systems root rot occurred (Fusarium spp., Gaeumannomyces graminis and other fungi). For the period of 3 years the degree of disease injury on the roots of winter wheat grown in the conventional system in the vegetation period increased, while in the organic one remained on pretty the same level. On average a lot more affected roots, especially in the flowering stage, occurred on the winter wheat grown in the conventional system. Fusarium foot rot (Fusarium spp.) developed on the wheat during the entire vegetation period. It was the most dangerous root and foot rot disease (the highest indexes of injury). The mean degree of disease injury on leave sheath was on pretty the same level in the two farming systems, although in investigated vegetation periods differed a lot, whereas at the bases of stems the pathogen was on the higher level on the wheat in the conventional system. Also eyespot (Tapesia yallude) developed in the entire vegetation period of the winter wheat, but its intensity was much lower than in case of fusarium foot rot. Leave sheaths of the wheat grown in the conventional system were slightly stronger affected than those grown in the organic system. In the flowering stage the intensity of the disease in both farming systems became equal, while in the wax maturity it was considerably higher in the conventional system. Sharp eyespot (Rhizoctonia spp.) appeared relatively late and occurred only in two years of investigation. The intensiveness of the disease was definitely higher on the organic plots. Among the affected roots, taken in the stem elongation stage, from the organic system 28 cultures of fungi were isolated, and from the conventional one 24 colonies. Cereals pathogenic fungi amounted 35.8% of isolates obtained from the organic system and as many as 66.7% from the conventional system. Among the affected roots, taken in the flowering stage, from the organic system 68 cultures of fungi were isolated in all, and from the conventional one 25 colonies. Cereals pathogenic fungi amounted 38.2% of isolates obtained from the organic system and 56.0% from the conventional system. Among the affected stem bases, taken in the wax maturity stage, from the organic system 56 cultures of fungi were isolated in all, and from the conventional one 52 colonies. Cereals pathogenic fungi amounted 48.4% of isolates obtained from the organic system and 53.6% from the conventional system. In the case of all root and foot rot diseases of wheat grown in the organic system, an advantageous influence of greater biodiversity and number of various fungi species living in root proximity was noticed as opposed to the conventional system.Keywords:
Foot rot
Root rot
Winter wheat
Root system
Root rot
Foot rot
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In the period 2012-2015 IPGR - Sadovo examined the yields and stability of 24 varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiments were carried out on the experimental field of the IPGR - Sadovo under the conditions of organic and conventional agriculture. The purpose of the study is to assess the yield and stability of varieties of common winter wheat grown under the conditions of organic and conventional farming. The results of this test give us the right to recommend varieties of common winter wheat as suitable for organic farming. The influence of the climatic differences of the years on the yield of grain from winter wheat varieties is the strongest – 46,7% of the total variation. The effect of the type of farming is (organic and conventional) is 27,9% and the varieties – 5,5%. In the conditions of organic farming, the varieties of Sadovo 1, Momchil, Ioana, Niki, Prelom, Diamant, Boryana, Yunak, Petya, Guinness, Geya 1, Lucyl, Tsarevets and Enola received positive assessments. These varieties could be grown in organic farming. They combine better grain yields with better stability over the years of the study.
Winter wheat
Dryland farming
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Fruit rot
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Eyespot
Foot rot
Winter wheat
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Roots respond first to edaphic stresses, yet little is known about root response to stress in mature, soil-grown plants. We investigated the effects of salinity and phytophthora root rot on root growth and senescence in tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Using minirhizotron- and rhizotron-based methodologies, we quantified intraspecific differences in root-system response to salinity and inoculation. Genotype susceptibility to salt-induced disease was related to root vulnerability to salt. `UC82B' was vulnerable to infection by Phytophthora parasitica when subjected to salt stress and produced thinner roots and ≈50% higher root-senescence rates compared to the phytophthora root rot-resistant `CX8303'. Root growth at the peripheral regions of the `CX8303' root system was inhibited by salinity, but otherwise root dynamics were not affected by salinity or inoculation. Overall, roots from the central root system and roots from the periphery responded differently to salt stress. Monitoring the diameters of new initiated roots indicated the vulnerability of a stressed root system to disease and early senescence.
Root rot
Root system
Edaphic
Senescence
Phytophthora cinnamomi
Lateral root
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Root rot
Foot rot
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Winter wheat
Foot rot
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Comparison of economic efectivity of the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter spelt (Triticum spelta L.) growing in organic farming systems. The differences of yield of two species wheats in organic farming system and factors are evaluated. In relation to standart technological procedures in farming systems are defined costs for area nad for production unit. Structure of costs on production, price differences between the winter wheat and winter spelt are analysed.
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This 7-page fact sheet is part of the 2019–2020 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by Megan M. Dewdney, Evan G. Johnson, and James H. Graham, and published by the Plant Pathology Department, April 2019. PP-156/CG009: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Phytophthora Foot Rot, Crown Rot, and Root Rot (ufl.edu)
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Foot rot
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The selection of resistance sources against individual as well as multiple diseases in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was carried out during 2004-05 from the germplasm available at the Gene Bank of the Bureau, New Delhi. Based on the average infection and the disease score of the germplasm accessions with respect to wilt, dry root rot, wet root rot, ascochyta blight, collar rot, botrytis gray mould and foot rot at multi-locations, the promising accessions having resistance against these diseases were selected. The number of promising accessions having resistance against individual disease were 19 for wilt, 11 for dry root rot, 24 for collar rot, 36 for wet root rot, 7 for ascochyta blight, 89 for botrytis gray mould and 481 for foot rot. For multiple disease resistance, 15 accessions (ICs 327060, 327062, 327063, 327073, 327074, 327100, 327112, 327190, 327220, 327259, 327336, 327679, 327777, 327779 and 327975) were identified as promising as these had combined resistance against wilt, dry root rot, collar rot, wet root rot and foot rot. For combined resistance against ascochyta blight and botrytis gray mould, lines IC 327414 and IC 327352 were promising.
Root rot
Collar rot
Botrytis
Ascochyta
Germ plasm
Foot rot
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