The role of membrane bound sialic acid of rat mast cells in histamine release induced by compound 48/80 and derivatives as well as calcium
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Liberation
Compound 48/80
Neuraminidase-treated bovine serum amyloid P component (SAP) has chromatographic profile from DEAE-HPLC column of shorter retention time and less peak number than intact molecule does. SDS-PAGE analysis reveals a decrease in size of bovine SAP subunits after neuraminidase treatment, compared with an untreated molecule. This study indicates a presence of sialic acid in bovine SAP.(จากการวิเคราะห์ซีรั่มโปรตีน amyloid P component (SAP) ในโคด้วยเครื่อง High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) โดยใช้คอลัมภ์ DEAE พบว่า ซีรั่มโปรตีน SAP ที่ผ่านการย่อยด้วยเอนไซม์ neuraminidase มี retention time สั้นกว่า และจำนวน peak ของโปรตีนน้อยกว่าซีรั่มโปรตีนชนิดเดียวกันที่ไม่ได้ผ่านการย่อย จากการ วิเคราะห์ด้วยอิเลคโตรฟอเรซีสบนเจล SDS-PAFE พบว่าหน่วยย่อยของซีรั่มโปรตีน SAP ที่ผ่านการย่อยด้วยเอนไซม์ neutraminidase มีขนาดเล็กลงเมื่อเทียบกับซีรั่มโปรตีนชนิดเดียว กันในสภาพธรรมชาติ ผลการวิเคราะห์โดยวิธีดังกล่าวแสดงให้เห็นว่ามีกรดไซอะลิคเป็น ส่วนประกอบอยู่ในโมเลกุลของซีรั่มโปรตีน SAP ในโค)
Amyloid (mycology)
Component (thermodynamics)
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Electrophoretic mobility, membrane sialic acid content and agglutinability by 'incomplete' antisera against Rh(0), hr" and k antigens were determined for red blood cells in the course of treatment with trypsin, ficin and neuraminidase. Neuraminidase gradually produced a slight to moderate agglutinability as it reduced surface charge density in proportion to the amount of sialic acid removed. Proteases acted in two distinct steps. The first stage is characterized by the cells rapidly becoming highly agglutinable and by the unmasking of new negative charge as the first half of the sialic acid is removed. In the second stage the cells show a slight gain in agglutinability as surface charge is removed in proportion to sialic acid removal as in the case of neuraminidase. Neuraminidase-treated cells are considerably less agglutinable than cells reduced to the same ξ-potential by protease treatment. The greater efficacy of proteases compared to neuraminidase in making cells agglutinable could be because they not only reduce surface charge density but also increase antigen-antibody bond strength, render antigens more mobile in the membrane to allow clustering in regions of cell to cell antibody bridging and remove glycopeptide chains which may be causing steric hindrance to antigenantibody binding or to cell-cell contact.
Neuraminic acid
Sialidase
Agglutination (biology)
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The importance of sialic acid to the foaming and emulsifying properties of ovomucin was investigated using asialoovomucin prepared by a neuraminidase treatment, which selectively cleaved the terminal sialic acid. The intrinsic viscosity of soluble ovomucin was decreased by the neuraminidase treatment, while that of reduced ovomucin was not similarly affected, suggesting the involvement of sialic acid in intermolecular interaction only for the regular conformation of ovomucin. The emulsifying properties of ovomucin were markedly decreased by the neuraminidase treatment, suggesting the importance of the repulsive force of sialic acid polyanions in the emulsion. On the other hand, the foaming properties of ovomucin were increased by the neuraminidase treatment. These results suggest that the electrostatic repulsive force of terminal sialic acids affects the emulsifying and foaming properties of ovomucin.
Neuraminic acid
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Electrophoretic mobility, membrane sialic acid content and agglutinability by "incomplete" antisera against Rh-o, hr' and k antigens were determined for red blood cells in the course of treatment with trypsin, ficin and neuraminidase. Neuraminidase gradually produces a slight to moderate agglutinability as it reduced surface charge density in proportion to the amount of sialic acid removed. Proteases acted in two distinct steps. The first stage is characterized by the cells rapidly becoming highly agglutinable and by the unmasking of new negative charge as the first half of the sialic acid is removed. In the second stage the cells show a slight gain in agglutinability as surface charge is removed in proportion to sialic acid removal as in the case of neuraminidase. Neuraminidase-treated cells are considerably less agglutinable than cells reduced to the same zeta-potential by protease treatment. The greater efficacy of proteases compared to neuraminidase in making cells agglutinable could be because they not only reduce surface charge density but also increase antigen-antibody bond strength, render antigens more mobile in the membrane to allow clustering in regions of cell to cell antibody bridging and remove glycopeptide chains which may be causing steric hindrance to antigen-antibody binding or to cell-cell contact.
Neuraminic acid
Sialidase
Agglutination (biology)
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Isolated deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase acid neuraminidase results in multisystem storage of sialic acid-rich oligosaccharides. Wide phenotypic diversity occurs within this biochemical defect. We studied three cases of an infantile form of mucolipidosis I in which the phenotype is dominated by severe Hurloid features. These patients excreted excessive amounts of sialic acid-rich oligosaccharides in their urine, and storage of similar compounds was shown in tissues and cultured fibroblasts. Cultured fibroblasts demonstrated an isolated deficiency of acid neuraminidase; beta-galactosidase levels were normal.
Mucolipidosis
Sialidase
Lysosomal storage disease
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The importance of sialic acid to the foaming and emulsifying properties of ovomucin was investigated using asialoovomucin prepared by a neuraminidase treatment, which selectively cleaved the terminal sialic acid. The intrinsic viscosity of soluble ovomucin was decreased by the neuraminidase treatment, while that of reduced ovomucin was not similarly affected, suggesting the involvement of sialic acid in intermolecular interaction only for the regular conformation of ovomucin. The emulsifying properties of ovomucin were markedly decreased by the neuraminidase treatment, suggesting the importance of the repulsive force of sialic acid polyanions in the emulsion. On the other hand, the foaming properties of ovomucin were increased by the neuraminidase treatment. These results suggest that the electrostatic repulsive force of terminal sialic acids affects the emulsifying and foaming properties of ovomucin.
Neuraminic acid
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Neuraminic acid
Red Cell
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N-Acetylneuraminic acid
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Abstract Sialic acids such as N‐acetylneuraminic acid have been found at the surfaces of various cells. They may play an important role in intercellular adhesion and hence in animal morphogenesis. This work demonstrates sialic acid at the surfaces of seven‐day chick embryo neural retinal cells and its regeneration after enzymatic removal. Neural retinas were excised and dissociated with trypsin. The cells were incubated in a solution of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase. The enzymatic treat ment released sialic acid which was assayed by thg thiobarbituric acid method of Warren. The enzymatic treatment also reduced the cellular electrophoretic mobility from 1.1 to 0.4 × 10 −4 cm/sec/volt/cm measured in 0.067 molar phos phate buffer at pH 7.5. Cells which had been treated with neuraminidase were cultured in a modified Eagle's minimum essential medium for up to 24 hours. During the period of culture, the replacement of surface material was observed in two ways. First was the progressive return of electrophoretic mobility to the pre‐neuraminidase level. Second was the progressive return of sialic acid at the cell surface to the original level. The latter was shown by second neuraminidase treatments and determinations of sialic acid released. Effects of neuraminidase upon the reaggregation of cells cultured on a gyratory shaker in Eagle's medium were investigated. Neuraminidase was not effective for dissociation of neural retina.
Sialidase
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After neuraminidase treatment the electrophoretic mobility of mouse lymphocytes (B and T cells) and thymocytes was reduced to a similar value, .a diminution of about 40%, 60%, and 40%, respectively. Thus B and T cells and thymocytes may have a common surface charge after removal of sialic acid. The percentage of cells binding anti‐thymocyte serum was not changed; thus sialic acid does not seem to be an important part of the specific antigen of lymphoid cells. Similar amounts of sialic acid were released from B and T Ceils, whereas less than half of this was released from the thymocytes. Thus, whereas thymocytes are characterized by their low electrophoretic mobility and low sialic acid release and T cells by high electrophoretic mobility and high sialic acid release, B‐cells in contrast show a low electrophoretic mobility and high sialic acid release.
Thymocyte
Neuraminic acid
N-Acetylneuraminic acid
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