Interactions between modulated luminance patterns and random-dot patterns
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Spatial frequency
Modulation (music)
It is known that contrast can be an effective depth cue on planar displays. However, previous studies do not provide enough information on the impact of luminance contrast and luminance distribution patterns on perceived distances in threedimensional built spaces. This research investigates the role of luminance contrast and luminance distribution patterns on space perception of three-dimensional layouts. Three experiments were conducted to study the impact of the following parameters on depth perception: 1) investigation of different lighting apertures, 2) lighting distribution patterns, and 3) luminance contrast as a depth cue. It is concluded that the luminance contrast of a target against its surround is an effective depth cue that can increase or decrease the perceived distance of a visual target in a built space. The application of this depth cue is demonstrated through an architectural design example.
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Previous studies have found that luminance contrast may enhance attention which is positively correlated with memory. However, little attention has been given to understand the impact of luminance contrast on memory. The present study attempts to address this gap by examining the effect of luminance contrast on attention and memory. A total of 159 undergraduates were randomly assigned to three luminance contrast conditions (high vs. moderate vs. low) and were administered a modified d2 test and modified words memory test. Multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant effect of luminance contrast on memory performance. Participants in the high and moderate luminance contrast groups recalled more words than counterparts in the low contrast group. However, the effect of luminance contrast on attention was not significant, though planned comparison found that high contrast group scored higher than low contrast group. The findings not only shed light on the improvement of memory but also have implication for design and marketing and consumer behaviours study.
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Previous studies have shown that the binocular summation of luminance contrast signals depends on the parameters involved in stereopsis when the luminance contrast is at the detection threshold. However, less attention has been paid to the perception of luminance modulation in stereoscopic patterns at suprathreshold contrast. To address this issue, we determined the contrast of stereoscopic patterns at the perceptual match to a standard contrast as a function of binocular disparity. The matched contrast was close to the standard contrast at 0 degrees disparity, but decreased as disparity deviated from 0 degrees, suggesting that sufficient disparity perceptually enhances luminance contrast. The reduction of matched contrast was more evident for uncrossed disparities than for crossed disparities, which almost disappeared when the contrast was near the threshold and also occurred when vertical disparity was introduced. We argue that the perceptual enhancement of the luminance contrast is due to the weaker interocular suppression for stimuli with large disparities.
Binocular disparity
Modulation (music)
Sensory threshold
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Contrast-luminance relationships were obtained for 13 test targets, presented for 0.2 second in the center of an extensive uniform field, and having various degrees of complexity. They always were brighter than the background, the luminance of which could be set at predetermined values from 1 to 500 footlamberts. The contrast-luminance relationships were a function of the target characteristics, differences becoming more marked for background luminances greater than about 10 footlamberts. A comparison with the results obtained by previous investigators with three of the targets indicates that the functional relationships are not significantly affected by experimental procedures or observers. Target complexity appears to be only one of several factors which influence the form of the contrast-luminance relationships. Considerable differences in the absolute values of threshold contrast were found for targets having approximately the same size of critical detail.
Contrast ratio
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AbstractThe paper demonstrates that adaptation luminance should be used instead of background luminance in determining supra-threshold visibility. Issues are raised on subjects of task luminance, background, adaptation luminance, luminance contrast, equivalent contrast and visibility level when adaptation luminance is considered.
Visibility
Contrast ratio
Foundation (evidence)
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Spatial frequency
Spatial filter
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Luminance contrast between tactile walking surface indicators (TWSIs) and their surrounding surfaces is important for people with low vision when they walk by themselves. Although the Japanese accessibility guidelines for public transport currently give no numerical criteria of luminance contrast around TWSIs, it may not be long before the guidelines introduce such criteria. This means that practical methods to measure luminance contrast around TWSIs will be required in stations in the near future. Preparing for it, we developed a manual on measuring methods of luminance contrast around TWSIs, taking environmental characteristics of stations into consideration. This paper reports the process of our making of the manual.
High contrast
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Vision science
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Our experiments show that observers perceive the absolute luminance of areas in an image under some viewing conditions, and average luminance and contrast under other conditions. When average luminance and contrast are important sensitivity to contrast mismatches is up to 25 times as great as sensitivity to luminance mismatches.
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Effects of the contrast of target luminance and background luminance, and of the absolute level of target luminance, on representational momentum for the remembered final location of a previously viewed moving target were examined. Targets were high in contrast or luminance, decreasing in contrast or luminance, increasing in contrast or luminance, or low in contrast or luminance; the background was black or white. Representational momentum for target location was larger if targets were high or increasing in contrast or luminance and smaller if targets were low or decreasing in contrast or luminance. Representational momentum for target location was larger if targets were presented on a white background than on a black background. Implications for theories of localization and for theories of representational momentum are discussed.
High contrast
Momentum (technical analysis)
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