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    Laparoscopy's most important role is in the area of female infertility. This article analyzes laparoscopy under various aspects. The place of laparoscopy in infertility is examined: laparoscopy is not necessary in all cases of female infertility; when necessary it should be performed under certain conditions which are listed. The indications of laparoscopy in the case of infertility are enumerated. The reason why laparoscopy has such an important place in infertility is that it is the only investigation which allows evaluation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries; the control of the tubal permeability can be done by insufflation or hydrotubation with procedures described. Other functions of laparoscopy in infertility are listed. Laparoscopy should only be performed by experienced surgeons. The indications and results of ovarian biopsy are analyzed; a chart illustrates the findings. Biopsy by itself does not justify laparoscopy. The author believes that the patient should always receive a report of the laparoscopy. The advantages of laparoscopy after an operation for infertility are discussed. Laparoscopy should be performed on infertile women; nothing should be done that might make their infertility worse.
    Female infertility
    Citations (1)
    Tubal pathology has represented in the last years, the main indication to operative laparoscopy, mainly as a consequence of the widespread use of this technique in the treatment of the ectopic pregnancy. Furthermore, operative laparoscopy has been widely applied to the treatment of the distal tubal pathology for infertility, when IVF/ET failed or was not accepted. The Authors discuss the rationale for these applications of operative laparoscopy and also the possibility of performing by laparoscopy demolitive interventions on the tubes.
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    Objective To determine the feasibility of re-operation under laparoscopy for patients with a history of laparoscopy surgery.Methods Twenty-three patients who had received laparoscopy surgery underwent re-operation under laparoscopy between March 1998 and March 2009.Their data were reviewed retrospectively.Results Among them,22 patients were operated on successfully under laparoscopy and 1 received open surgery because of failure of laparoscopy.No severe post-operative complications occurred in all patients.Conclusions With skilled laparoscopic techniques,re-operation under laparoscopy is feasible for well selected patients to obtain minimally invasive therapeutic effects.
    Open surgery
    Citations (0)
    瞄准:为在一个猪的模型诊断并且对待小肠损害(SBI ) 与剖腹术相比评估 laparoscopy 的安全和有效性。方法:28 头雌猪是 anesthetized 并且在左侧卧的位置放了。SBI 模型被向腹部的恰好更低的象限射击建立。猪然后被使随机化进剖腹术组或 laparoscopy 组。所有猪经历了平淡的探索剖腹术或 laparoscopy 评估腹的损害,特别地 SBI 的类型,地点,和数字。传统的开的外科或治疗学的 laparoscopy 然后被执行。所有猪在观察时期以内被使活着(手术后 72 h ) 。每头猪的手术后的恢复小心地被观察。结果:所有猪的重要符号在在射击以后的 1-2 h 以内是稳定的,任何一个都没立即从射击创伤或 SBI 死于猪。SBI 模型成功地在所有猪被建立并且也决定性地由探索剖腹术或 laparoscopy 与单个或多重的 SBI 诊断了。与探索剖腹术相比, laparoscopy 为诊断花了一显著地更长的时间(41.27
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    Laparoscopy was used as an ancillary method for infrequently occurring or unconventional indications in 140 patients. Diagnostic laparoscopy was done if other clinical, laboratory and biophysical methods were inconclusive or not conclusive in due time. Under some conditions operative laparoscopy or a combined vaginal and laparoscopic approach eliminated the need for laparotomy. No special equipment is required for such diagnostic and operative laparoscopy.
    Citations (4)
    A comparative study of hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy in the investigation of infertility is presented. From 1973-1977, 352 cases were investigated with both HSG and laparoscopy. In 57.67% of the cases there was complete agreement between HSG and laparoscopy. The study included 168 cases of unexplained infertility and 184 cases with abnormal hysterosalpingographic findings. Pelvic adhesions were demonstrated in 151 cases by laparoscopy as compared to 76 cases in which its presence was only suspected by HSG. Laparoscopy revealed a 57.14% of associated pelvic pathology in cases of unexplained fertility. The present study concludes that laparoscopy as compared to HSG is not only more informative, but also more accurate and conclusive.
    Hysterosalpingography
    Female infertility
    Citations (34)
    To assess patient acceptance of diagnostic conventional laparoscopy and minilaparoscopy under sedoanalgesia.120 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy were enrolled prospectively in this study. Within the first week after diagnostic laparoscopy the patients were asked to answer a total of eight questions with regard to the acceptance of the procedure.The inconvenience of laparoscopy was assessed with a mean of 1.6 on a scale from 0 to 10 (0 = no inconvenience, 10 = very unpleasant). The discomfort in the two days following laparoscopy were graded with a mean of 2.1 on a scale from 0 to 10 (0 = no inconvenience, 10 = very unpleasant). There was no difference between conventional laparoscopy and minilaparoscopy. Only 10% of the patients described laparoscopy more inconvenient in comparison to diagnostic gastroscopy, whereas 29% of the patients assessed diagnostic gastroscopy more inconvenient.Diagnostic laparoscopy under sedoanalgesia is a very well tolerated procedure. There is no difference between conventional laparoscopy and minilaparoscopy.
    Citations (2)
    Many of the complications of conventional closed, or sharp, laparoscopy result from the use of insufflation needles and sharp trocars. These instruments are not essential elements of the technique as laparoscopy can be easily performed with a small umbilical incision, entering the abdomen under direct vision. This variation is called open laparoscopy. Open laparoscopy eliminates the possibility of insufflation-needle and trocar injuries and lessens the probability of failed laparoscopy attempts and postoperative herniations. Furthermore, physicians performing open laparoscopy can become comfortably proficient in the technique faster than they can in closed laparoscopy because open laparoscopy utilizes standard and familiar surgical technique. Open laparoscopy can be easily performed under local anesthesia, particularly for female sterilization. The technique is suitable for the outpatient setting based on considerations of safety and reliability.
    Open surgery
    Citations (13)