Evolution in surgical training: what can we learn from professional coaches and elite athletes?
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Stress response can be considered a consequence of psychological or physiological threats to the human organism.Elev ated cortisol secretion represents a biological indicator of subjective stress.The extent of subjectively experienced stress depends on indiv idual coping strategies or self-regulation skills.Because of their experience with competitive pressure, athletes might show less pronounced biological stress responses during stressful events compared to non-athletes.I n the present study, the short version of the Berlin I ntelligence Structure Test, a paper-pencil intelligence test, w as used as an experimental stressor.Cortisol responses of 26 female Sw iss elite athletes and 26 female non-athlete controls were compared.Salivary free cortisol responses were measured 15minutes prior to, as well as immediately before and after psychometric testing.I n both groups, a significant effect of time w as found: High cortisol levels prior to testing decreased significantly during the testing session.Furthermore, athletes exhibited reliably lower cortisol levels than non-athlete controls.No significant interaction effects could be observed.The overall pattern of results supports the idea that elite athletes show a less pronounced cortisol-related stress response due to more efficient coping strategies.
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With the software of BT-LYR attention testing system,Wushu routine athletes and sanda athletes is investigated the attention of study makes test on.The result shows that the attention distribution and attention concentration stability of wushu routine athletes are significantly higher than that of ordinary college students.The attention distribution,attention shift and attention concentration stability of sanda athletes are significantly higher than that of ordinary college students.The attention distribution and attention shift of sanda athletes are significantly higher than routine athletes,which shows the discrepancy different programs.
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The survey indicates that the somatay pes of the elite Tackwondo athletes follow certains,regulation,which can provide scientific bases for selecting patential athletes. The somatatype features of male aethletes are as follows:wellproportioned stature,welldeveloped museles and skeletons,low subcutaneous fat. The somatatype of female athletes differs from that of male athletes in high subcutaneous fat and mediocrelydeveloped muscles and skeletons.With the rising of grade, the somataype of male athletes transforms from deriomesomorph to mesomorph and that of femal athletes transforms from derio to endomorphy. Therefore, femal athletes are expected to reduce fat and to enhance muscle exercise so as to strengthen physique and to improve results.
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Abstract This chapter will focus on the development of elite young athletes. The chapter begins by identifying who becomes an elite young athlete. A broader discussion of how potential sporting expertise is best developed follows. The chapter then concludes with the consideration of key risks faced by youngsters involved in elite sport.
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In this video Q&A, Mr Mike Carmont answers questions about state-of-the-art treatments for elite athletes, and the progress and challenges behind translating these into successful therapies for the non-elite athlete.
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Athletes have preferences for the way in which they internalise and process information.Athlete educators, such as coaches and sports medical staff, rarely consider the learning style of an prior to education.This study aims to characterise a range of athletes with regards to their learning style, to increase awareness and conversation about athletes as learners.Athletes (n=93; 44 males, 49 females), age 24 ±8 yrs, completed the VARK (Visual, Aural, Read/write and Kinesthetic) questionnaire and outcomes were analyzed by Chi-Square analysis.Athletes were predominantly K (38%) and MM (33%) in their learning preferences.There was a significant relationship between gender and VARK preference (X2= 15.1, p<0.05), between athletic status and VARK preference (X2=20.4,p<0.05), but little relationship between individual or team sport athlete and VARK preference (X2= 5.3, p=0.16).Very few athletes had a visual learning-style preference (n=1).Those working with athletes should be aware of the preference for MM and K learning-styles and the inadequacy of presenting information visually.
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