A System for Timely and Controlled Information Sharing in Emergency Situations
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Abstract:
During natural disasters or emergency situations, an essential requirement for an effective emergency management is the information sharing. In this paper, we present an access control model to enforce controlled information sharing in emergency situations. An in-depth analysis of the model is discussed throughout the paper, and administration policies are introduced to enhance the model flexibility during emergencies. Moreover, a prototype implementation and experiments results are provided showing the efficiency and scalability of the system.Keywords:
Information Sharing
The paper describes a project by National Informatics Centre to develop a Distributed Natural Calamities Relief Management System (DISNIC-NCRMS) on the Computer Communication Network (NICNET). This programme will be utilised by the District Administration so that information related to the disasters and consequent related measures can be periodically collected. The data will also facilitate decision making process at the District level for implementing the relief measures. Presently, this information system is only for Droughts and Floods. But similar programme will be undertaken for other Natural Disasters.The paper also describes the relevance of the development of Expert System and Geographic Information System (GIS) for decision support during the Natural Calamities Relief Administration and also Disaster Preparedness, Mitigation and Management in the Country.
Preparedness
Relevance
Natural hazard
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Future supercomputing demands that large scale parallel algorithms and applications have good scalability. Previous scalability studies lay stress on the studies of the algorithms scalability,but few on that of the application programs. They couldn't give users the information about how to adjust programs to improve its performance. The numerical scalability and parallel scalability are provided to describe whether the parallel system maintains its numerical attributes and parallel attributes. Furthermore, a suit of scalability evaluation criterion is provided to help the user to find the reason causing the bad scalability and to modify programs. This criterion and the near optimal scalability method are used to analyze the scalability of a large scale application program, namely two\|dimensional electromagnetic plasma with particle in cell method. Results show that the criteria help to locate the reason why the scalability is bad, and that the near optimal scalability method provides an approach to predict how many processors are to be used by a larger problem to get a reasonable utility, where its time is near to the shortest time to run and its efficiency is much improved.
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Emergency response to any man-made or natural disasters involves different organizations—such as fire and rescue service, emergency medical services, law enforcement (police forces), and responders from other governmental and nongovernmental organizations. Information sharing and management among these responding organizations is essential for the success of the emergency responses, not only during a disaster but also before and after the disaster. Information sharing among different organizations cannot occur overnight and must be in place before a disaster occurs, be able to be easily used during the disaster, and be maintained after the disaster. In this article, information sharing requirements and features for emergency response are discussed before an information sharing infrastructure is proposed. It is particularly expected to enable the response organizations to efficiently communicate with each other in the charged and high-pressure atmosphere of an on-going disaster response. On-site information collection is suggested to be carried out through wireless sensor networks (WSN) and radio frequency identification (RFID). The key technologies for securing information sharing in emergency response management are identified. Our ongoing project SafetyNET is described to illustrate the implementation of the information sharing system.
Information Sharing
Emergency Response
Identification
First responder
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In this paper, the scalability of MINs in parallel machines is studied. Any desired number of measurable MINs performance metrics can participate in the scalability evaluation. Parallel algorithm scalability is an important issue as a system can be scalable for a certain number of algorithms and nonscalable for some others. Only one communication pattern is tested in this paper. The results obtained for scalability analysis for that particular communication pattern is very promising and will help a designer of a MIN to optimize its architecture parameters. The UPF factor is used to evaluate and compare the scalability of two MINs families: delta and oversized delta networks.
Factor (programming language)
Multistage interconnection networks
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In the long struggle with natural disasters,Chinese Government take the social management of natural disaster relief as an important function of public services and take various means to effectively improve the ability of natural disaster relief,and initially established system for natural disaster relief work.However,the existing relief work is lack of a unified comprehensive coordination department of emergency management,disaster relief material reserves system is weak,professional team building behind the rescue workers,the public awareness of disaster reduction is weak,disaster insurance industry lags behind other deficiencies.Learn from the success of foreign government disaster relief experience,our government should continue to optimize the binding legal norms in government assistance to provide material security,and enhance organization of disaster relief,and carry out disaster education,and support disaster insurance business devlopment,finally enhance the ability of government assistance.
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Natural disasters are the pain of human society which are difficult to avoid,how to further improve the system of natural disaster relief and minimize the damage of natural disasters are well worth studying. From the current system of natural disaster relief,there are still some problems not to be solved. Such as the efforts of disaster relief have not formed,the total relief funds are less than normal,the material reserves of relief are single,the number of shelters is not enough,the assistance of psychological is not in place,the laws and regulations of relief are not perfect enough. According to these problems,solutions are proposed that further mobilize the community to form the disaster relief efforts of government and society;increase the disaster relief funds and expand the sources of relief funds;increase the number of relief material storage,rich the varieties of disaster relief;speed up the standard construction of shelters;strengthen the psychological assistance;further improve laws and regulations on disaster relief.
Emergency relief
Relief Work
Stress Relief
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Few systems achieve scalability these days, because scalability tests are run so infrequently. This chapter shows how to run a scalability test that is so quick-and-easy, you can run it every day of the week, providing much needed guidance to finally steer your SUT toward scalability.
Yardstick
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Nepal, similar to other countries, has faced different types of natural disasters. In fact, Nepal has experienced more natural disasters than any other South Asian country. According to trends analysis, every year, different types of natural disasters have occurred in Nepal, for example landslides, floods, and earthquakes are major natural disasters. The occurrences and effects of natural disasters in various parts of the world have highlighted the importance to intensify mutual cooperation among the disaster management stakeholders in order to reduce the impact of potential disasters. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to describe the role of government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that are involved in managing disasters in Nepal. Both the Government and NGOs should adopt preventive measures in due time to reduce the impact of disasters. To achieve this government and the NGOs should work in close cooperation and coordination. For an effective disaster mitigation, early warning system, insurance system, emergency rescue and relief operation, rehabilitation and recovery plans should be in place. Activities such as training, post-disaster evaluation, monitoring of relief works, review, cooperation and coordination of central, district and local level preparedness, rehabilitation, reconstruction and research works must be considered.
Preparedness
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In last decade crypto currencies become popular as there is no third party involvement while doing the transactions. Blockchain is the technology for using crypto-currencies. It attracts the attention of researchers and academicians , along with different features of Blockchain it is having the major issue of scalability which can be categorized into throughput , cost, capacity and networking . Improvement in Scalability affects the application of blockchain in business . Scalability affects due to some other factors like block interval time and block size which also may reduce the security . System may become vulnerable to different attacks if we blindly modify the scalability .In this paper we analyze the different ways to improve the scalability then we compare the features of blockchain with respect to different algorithms used to solve the scalability issue.
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