The Frequency and Determinants of Liver Stiffness Measurement Failure: A Retrospective Study of “Real-Life” 38,464 Examinations
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Objective To investigate the frequency and determinants of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) failure by means of FibroScan in “real-life” Chinese patients. Methods A total of 38,464 “real-life” Chinese patients in 302 military hospital of China through the whole year of 2013, including asymptomatic carrier, chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, liver cirrhosis (LC), alcoholic liver disease, autoimmune liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other, were enrolled, their clinical and biological parameters were retrospectively investigated. Liver fibrosis was evaluated by FibroScan detection. S probe (for children with height less than 1.20 m) and M probe (for adults) were used. LSM failure defined as zero valid shots (unsuccessful LSM), or the ratio of the interquartile range to the median of 10 measurements (IQR/M) greater than 0.30 plus median LSM greater or equal to 7.1 kPa (unreliable LSM). Results LSM failure occurred in 3.34% of all examinations (1286 patients out of 38,464), among them, there were 958 cases (2.49%) with unsuccessful LSM, and 328 patients (0.85%) with unreliable LSM. Statistical analyses showed that LSM failure was independently associated with body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m2, female sex, age greater than 50 years, intercostal spaces (IS) less than 9 mm, decompensated liver cirrhosis and HCC patients. There were no significant differences among other diseases. By changing another skilled operator, success was achieved on 301 cases out of 1286, which reduced the failure rate to 2.56%, the decrease was significant (P<0.0001). Conclusions The principal reasons of LSM failure are ascites, obesity and narrow of IS. The failure rates of HCC, decompensated LC, elder or female patients are higher. These results emphasize the need for adequate operator training, technological improvements and optimal criteria for specific patient subpopulations.Keywords:
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We describe the clinical and liver biopsy morphologic features for 4 patients with minocyclineinduced autoimmune hepatitis (group 1). We compared the serum laboratory values and liver biopsy findings from group 1 with those from 10 patients with sporadic autoimmune hepatitis (group 2). All patients in group 1 had positive serum antinuclear antibody titers, but none had positive serum anti–smooth muscle antibody titers. The morphologic findings of group 1 biopsies were those of autoimmune hepatitis in all 4 patients. In addition, 1 of these biopsy specimens also had scattered single eosinophils, unlike autoimmune hepatitis. The mean histologic activity index scores for patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively, were 6.7 and 5.4. No patients in group 1 had marked bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis, compared with 4 of 10 patients in group 2. Minocycline-induced autoimmune hepatitis is usually identical to sporadic autoimmune hepatitis. The absence of eosinophils does not exclude the possibility of a minocycline cause. In the absence of clinical or morphologic differences, a recent ingestion of minocycline should be excluded before the diagnosis of sporadic autoimmune hepatitis is established. Whether the drug is unmasking latent autoimmune hepatitis is unclear.
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Alcohol relapse after liver transplantation (LT) for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a common event that has been extensively studied. In contrast, alcohol consumption has usually been neglected in patients transplanted for other liver diseases. First off, patients can be mislabeled as 'non-ALD' when they suffer from another chronic liver disease. Then, alcohol consumption is not systematically tracked after LT in recipients having a primary indication other than ALD, although there are increasing data incriminating alcohol as responsible for graft damage and impaired survival. This review discusses the potential consequences of alcohol after liver transplantation, focusing on patients transplanted for non-alcoholic liver disease, as well as the legitimate role of an addiction specialist, before and after LT.Alcohol relapse after liver transplantation (LT) for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a common event that has been extensively studied. In contrast, alcohol consumption has usually been neglected in patients transplanted for other liver diseases. There are increasing data showing that alcohol consumption and its consequences should be tracked in every transplant candidate and recipient.
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De novo autoimmune hepatitis is a form of chronic hepatitis that occurs in patients after liver transplantation for reasons other than autoimmune hepatitis. Recognition of the disorder requires a high degree of vigilance on the parts of the treating clinicians and pathologists. Here, we report a case of a 54-year-old woman who developed liver dysfunction several years after transplantation for complications of hepatitis B. After liver biopsy, a diagnosis of de novo autoimmune hepatitis was established. The clinicopathological features of autoimmune and de novo autoimmune hepatitis are reviewed. The risk factors, possible pathogenetic mechanisms, and differential diagnosis of de novo autoimmune hepatitis are discussed.
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