Strong Genetic Differentiation of <i>Glytothorax zanaensis</i> (Wu et al. 1981) in Nu River, China
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The Nu River Project comprised of 13-dam cascade is one of the biggest hydropower development projects yet conceived in China. However, hydropower development will inevitably result in the local ecological environment and biological material impact, particularly the effects on fish. Glyptothorax zainaensis is weak in swimming with suction cup and is extremely sensitive in the hydrological characteristics and water quality changes, so that it can be considered as a water quality monitor of indicator organism. Currently, with the need for conservation, fishery restoration and so on, there is a great demand for genetic information on Glyptothorax zainaensis. Fourty microsatellite loci were isolated, characterized and evaluated from Glyptothorax zainaensis. A total of 91 different alleles were observed in the 303 wild Glyptothorax zainaensis, and the percentage of polymorphic bands ranged from 41.8% to 66.7%, with an average of 90.1%. The genetic diversity value was significantly huge with the expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.578 to 0.706, the observed heterozygosity value ranging from 0.923 to 0.980 and PIC value ranging from 0.418 to 0.644, which showed that the wild Glyptothorax zainaensis population had a high level of genetic diversity. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and pairwise Fst showed a significant level of genetic differentiation (PMicrosatellite Instability
Myeloid leukaemia
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Objective To study the loss of heterozygosity(LOH) and the microsatellite instability (MSI) involved in the development of human testicular tumor. Methods 22 primary testicular tumor DNA samples were examined for loss of heterozygosity(LOH) on chromosomes 3, 5, 9, 17, 18 and X and alteration of microsatellite repeats marker by means of polymerase chain reaction, 8 microsatellite repeats markers being used for the analysis of MSI. Results LOH on chromosome 9q33 34, 5q and 18q21 were observed in 45%, 43% and 25%, respectively. Difference between unrelated microsatellites for tumor and control DNA was detected in 8 of 22(36%) . LOH and/or MSI were observed in 17 of 22(77%) cases. Two cases showed alterations on 5 microsatellite loci, three cases showed alterations on 2 microsatellite loci and three cases on 1 microsatellite locus. 5 of 22(23%) patients showed replication error(RER). Conclusions Tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 9q and 5q, and microsatellite instability might play an important role in the development of human testicular tumor.
Microsatellite Instability
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Several genetic events are necessary for a cell to become malignant. Some of these events are activations of protooncogenes and loss of normal functions of tumor suppressor genes. Recently loss of heterozygosity at specific loci on some chromosomes have been observed in several tumors. Loss of heterozygosity in the tumor suggests that a certain tumor suppressor gene may reside near the locus of the probe by which the loss of heterozygosity was demonstrated. In hepatocellular carcinoma, loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 1p, 4q, 5q, 10q, 11p, 13q, 16q, 17p and 22q are observed. Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes on these chromosomes may play important roles in tumorigenesis or progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Pyrosequencing
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objective To detect the loss of heterozygosity(LOH) for YNZ22 loci in human ovarian carcinomas,and discuss the relationship between LOH and clinical pathology.Methods To analyse amplified fragment length polymorphism(Amp FLP) at locus YNZ22 of cancer and normal tissues in 30 cases with ovarian carcinomas by using PCR followed by PAGE and silver staining.Results The allele frequencies and heterozygosity were determined.Of 23 informative cases,the heterozygosity was 76.7%,the LOH was 13.0%.Conclusion The loss of heterozygosity for YNZ22 loci in ovarian carcinomas is related to the differentiation degrees and clinical stages.\;
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In this study,allele frequency,number of effective alleles,heterozygosity and polymorphism information contents of three microsatellite markers(ESTMS20,SW2570 and S0002)were analyzed in Landrace.The results indicated that three microsatellite markers had genetic diversity in Landrace.The heterozygosity and the polymorphism information contents of ESTMS20,SW2570 and S0002 was 0.69,0.70 and 0.41,and 0.64,0.68 and 0.38,respectively,which suggested that the microsatellites ESTMS20,SW2570 and S0002 belonged to highly polymorphic seat and could be used for genetic diversity evaluation in Landrace.
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Microsatellite Instability
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Microsatellite marker is a type of DNA marker which is used to detect DNA diversity in recent years. Due to the large of number, wide distribution, abundant polymorphic alleles, easy detection, it is used in high frequency. In this article, genetic diversity in Suzhong pig was analyzed by four microsatellite markers. Results showed that this four microsatellite markers had very high genetic diversity in Suzhong pig. Heterozygosity range was from 0.5962 to 0.8823, polymorphism information content from 0.5146 to 0.8709, effective numberofalleles from 2.4768 to 8.4935. Four micro- satellite markers used in this article can be adopted in marker assisted selection of genetic diversity in Suzhong pig.
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