Utilization of Photosynthetically Produced Organic Particles by Dense Patches of Suspension Feeding Bivalves on the Sand Flat of Midori River Estuary, Kyushu, Japan
Hitomi YamaguchiHiroaki TsutsumiMasanori TsukudaSayaka NagataKimura ChizukoMiho YoshiokaSeiichiro ShibanumaShigeru Montani
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Abstract: Midori River estuary faces Ariake Bay, and has the largest sandy tidal flat(approximately 2, 100 ha)in Japan. We investigated the spatial distribution of particle size composition of the sediment, microphytobenthos on the surface sediment and macrobenthic animals at the stations set along a cross transect line in Midori River estuary. The Chl-a concentrations of the surface sediment that reflected the biomass of the microphytobenthos ranged between 19.3 and 113 mg/m2 at the stations on the tidal flat, and tended to decrease from the upper part to the lower part of the tidal flat and the offshore area. However, 92.0%of the total biomass of the macrobenthic animals collected at the sampling stations on the tidal flat was concentrated at the stations on the middle to lower part of the tidal flat. The highest biomass reached 3, 760g WW/m2, mainly due to the occurrence of dense patches of two suspension feeding bivalves, Ruditapes philippinarum and Mactra veneriformis. These two bivalves alone occupied 93.2%of the biomass of all the benthic animals collected at all sampling stations. The consumption of the primarily produced organic matter estimated from the secondary production of only a single species of Ruditapes apparently exceeded the potential primary production at the same place. The results of this study suggest that the re-suspension of primarily produced organic particles by the microphytobenthos on“ the upper part” of the tidal flat and its lateral transportation to“ the middle to lower part” of the tidal flat is essential to sustain the high secondary production of the suspension feeding benthic bivalves on the middle to lower part of this tidal flat.Keywords:
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Tidal flats are one of the most active areas of geochemical material circulation, which not only regulates the ecological environment of the coastal zone, but also provides rich ecological and economic value for human beings. In this study, the tidal flats and coastal seas between the estuaries of typical large river basins are taken as the research area, and the water ecological status of typical tidal flats along the eastern coast of China is studied through field sampling, numerical simulation, and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that due to the differences in water quality and total pollutant discharge of different rivers entering the sea, the study area could be divided into subregions with significant differences in microbial community characteristics. The microbial community construction showed that homogenous selection dominated, with a ratio of 62%. In general, the process of microbial community construction tends to be consistent, and microbial community was determined by deterministic process, especially environmental selectin. Due to the differences in gross and characteristics of pollutants discharged into the sea from the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River, the wetland microbial community is mainly affected by the pollutants from the Yangtze River. The wetland zone was affected by nitrogen pollutants from the Yangtze River and denitrification mainly occurred in the wetland zone,indicating that the nitrogen pollutants from the Yangtze River are conducive to the occurrence of denitrification microorganisms and denitrification reactions in the Wetland zone. The study established the ecological relationship between the river and the sea, and proposed new ideas for watershed management and coastal tidal flat ecological protection.
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Spatial distribution and biomass of commercial shellfish were investigated in the Saemangeum tidal flat on the west coast of Korea during August 1999. Thirteen species of shellifsh were collected. Major dominant species of the study area were Umbonium thomasi with a density of $6.7\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}\;(38.2\%)$ , Mactra veneriformis with $6.6\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}\;(37.4\%)$ and Reticunassa festiva with $1.3\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}\;(7.2\%)$ . Commercially important species such as M. veneriformis ($90.7\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}\;69.3\%$ ), M. lusoria ($15.6\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}\;11.9\%)$ ), C. sinensis ($8.7\;ind.{\cdot}m^{-2}\;6.7\%)$ ) were dominant in total weight. Most of the shellfish were distributed between the mid-littoral and sub-littoral zones, but C. sinensis and L. flexuosa were distributed mainly in the polluted areas of the supra-littoral zone. The spatial distribution pattern of each shellifsh species generally resembles the Mangyeong and Dongjin estuary. Biomass of commercially important species, M. veneriformis, M. lusoria, C. sinensis and Ruditapes philippinarum in the tidal flat (ca. 850 ha) was estimated to be 774, 135, 67 and 10 tons, respectively.
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Development of benthic communities were investigated at the Han-Nan 2nd. constructed tidal flat constructed by use of muddy dredged materials in Kishiwada city Osaka prefecture. In this paper, we compared a natural muddy tidal flat with constructed tidal flat about the succession of benthic communities. As the result, benthic communities adapted to muddy substratum were estimated in these experiments. The observed benthic communities resemble to those of natural muddy tidal flat. However, a problem is left unresolved in the use of dredged materials constructed tidal flat in terms of stability of sediment under influence of high waves.
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