Cytokines Profiles in Sudanese Women with Preeclampsia
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Background. Cytokine imbalance in preeclampsia may be one of the etiological factors for preeclampsia. Objectives. The study was conducted to investigate interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in preeclampsia. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the concentrations of these three pro-inflammatory cytokines in sera from 33 Sudanese women with preeclampsia (at presentation and 7 days later) and 32 women with normal pregnancy as a control group. Results. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 were slightly—not statistically significant— higher in the women with preeclampsia. IL-10 was significantly higher in the women with preeclampsia. Women with preeclampsia had significantly lower levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 and significantly higher levels of IL-10 7days later in comparison with the presenting levels. Conclusion. Thus, the significantly raised levels of IL-10 in women with preeclampsia suggest its role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia, and further research is needed.Keywords:
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Objective This study is undertaken to evaluate the changes of serum cytokine levels in different stages of collagen induced arthritis(CIA)rats,to search for the specific proteins related with rheuma- toid arthritis(RA)pathogenesis and inflammation,and to explore the mechanism of RA pathogenesis.Methods Rat cytokine antibody array coated with 19 specific cytokine antibodies was used to examine serum samples at peak and late stage of CIA rats,and were compared to normal cytokine levels.At the same time,ELISA assay for serum TNF-αproduction was used to verify the array results.Results Among the target cytokines,10 up- regulating cytokines were kept in high expression in different phases of disease,while 1 showed significant change only at the peak of disease.There was no downregnlating cytokines in the results.Serum TNF-αassay results were consistent to the array results.Conclusion Cytokines show different expression in CIA at differ- ent stages,and specific cytokines can be used as the candidates to further study of the RA pathogenesis.This study also provides molecular makers for early diagnosis.
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Proinflammatory cytokine
Inflammatory arthritis
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Objective The aim of this study was to explore the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in placental tissues of patients with preeclampsia, and to elucidate the association between its polymorphisms and pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Patients and methods A total of 100 preeclampsia patients (Preeclampsia group) and 100 normal puerperae (Control group) were selected as research objects. The protein expression of ICAM-1 in placental tissues was detected via Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs134568, rs128343, and rs201931 in the promoter region of ICAM-1 were typed via conformation difference gel electrophoresis. Chi-square test was used to detect whether the distribution frequency of ICAM-1 genotype was in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The associations of ICAM-1 alleles and polymorphic sites with pathogenesis of preeclampsia were analyzed as well. Finally, the correlation between GG genotype of ICAM-1 rs134568 and clinicopathological features of preeclampsia was analyzed. Results The protein expression of ICAM-1 in placental tissues was significantly higher in Preeclampsia group than that in Control group (p 0.05). According to gene correlation analysis, ICAM-1 rs134568 polymorphism and alleles were associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (p 0.05). Besides, systolic blood pressure, serum creatinine level and plasma albumin level showed no statistically significant differences between people with GG genotype of ICAM-1 rs134568 in Preeclampsia group and those in Control group (p>0.05). Conclusions ICAM-1 expression increased significantly in placental tissues of patients with preeclampsia. In addition, rs134568 in the promoter region of ICAM-1 was associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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Pericarditis is a common clinical pericardial disease with complex etiology, pathogenesis, and high recurrence rate. Interleukin-1 is an important inflammatory cytokine, which regulates the occurrence and development of inflammation by regulating IL-1?, IL-1?, and IL-1RA; it plays an important role in pericarditis. In traditional Chinese medicine, the modern understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis has been improved. In this review, the etiology and pathogenesis of pericarditis are discussed from the perspective of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
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Acute pericarditis
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102 children with uveitis were followed up in both an ophthalmological clinic and in private practice. These cases were studied, using the same criteria for the anatomical and etiological classification. For each etiology arguments for certitude and probability were cautiously defined. The etiology could be ascertained in about 36.5% of the cases. Arguments for a presumptive etiology were found in about 23.1% more cases. The first cause was toxoplasmosis; the second cause was streptococcic hypersensitivity. An etiology was rarely found for intermediate uveitis.
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Toxoplasmosis
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Objective:To investigate the acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage etiology and pathogenesis. Methods:To discuss the ancient literature of Chinese medicine,modern research of Chinese medicine and animal experiment results,the acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage etiology and pathogenesis is comprehensively analyzed and investigated,combined with our clinical experience.Results:Factors of etiology and pathogenesis in the acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage firstly is the stagnated blood of brain,and then stagnated fluid of brain,and eventually becoming the water stasis. Conclusion:The acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage etiology and pathogenesis is caused by water stasis.
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Placental abruption
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of children with mental retardation (MR) of unknown etiology for early recognition and intervention. In this study, we defined children with MR of unknown etiology as those without clear etiologies for MR despite extensive evaluation and were not associated with pathological behavioral problems such as pervasive developmental disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The clinical characteristics of children with MR of unknown etiology were as follows. 1) MR of unknown etiology was 48.8% of all MR. 2) MR of unknown etiology was more common in males. 3) Delayed language development was a leading factor that made the parents of children with MR of unknown etiology seek help from physicians. However, most of the children with MR of unknown etiology showed a relatively uniform delay in several areas of development. 4) Most children with MR of unknown etiology were delayed walkers. 5) Most children with MR of unknown etiology were mild cases.
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One hundred cases of urticaria were studied to find out the etiology and to detect any co-relation between etiology and clinical manifestation. In 59% cases an etiological factor could be detected and the diagnosis was more certain in acute cases. In more than two-third of cases of chronic utricaria, the etiology could not be detected. Type and distribution of the lesions did not suggest any particular etiology except in the cases of physical and cholinergic urticaria.
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Hypertension has complicated pathogenesis.Because of the complexity,in this article the hypertension pathogenesis was divided into several different levels to discuss,which were basic pathogenesis,syndrome pathogenesis,symptom manifestation pathogenesis,disease pathogenesis and micro pathogenesis.The relationship between the above levels and the theoretic and clinical values of each level were analyzed.The significance of syndrome pathogenesis in the study on hypertension pathogenesis was emphasized.
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