Vector Borne Infections in Italy: Results of the Integrated Surveillance System for West Nile Disease in 2013
Christian NapoliSimona IannettiCaterina RizzoAntonino BellaDaria Di SabatinoR. BrunoFrancesca SauroVanessa MartiniVincenzo Ugo SantucciSilvia DeclichPaolo Calistri
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Abstract:
The epidemiology of West Nile disease (WND) is influenced by multiple ecological factors and, therefore, integrated surveillance systems are needed for early detecting the infection and activating consequent control actions. As different animal species have different importance in the maintenance and in the spread of the infection, a multispecies surveillance approach is required. An integrated and comprehensive surveillance system is in place in Italy aiming at early detecting the virus introduction, monitoring the possible infection spread, and implementing preventive measures for human health. This paper describes the integrated surveillance system for WND in Italy, which incorporates data from veterinary and human side in order to evaluate the burden of infection in animals and humans and provide the public health authorities at regional and national levels with the information needed for a fine tune response.Keywords:
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Active, population-based surveillance is a powerful tool for monitoring infectious diseases and evaluating disease prevention strategies. When carefully implemented and maintained, this type of surveillance can provide accurate data on disease incidence that are generalizable to larger populations, capture changes in disease epidemiology, and reliably measure the impact of public health and provider-initiated disease interventions. Because this model is resource intensive, the disease chosen for surveillance should provide important, actionable information. In this chapter, we discuss the methods and key components of establishing and evaluating active, population-based surveillance. We also describe the advantages and challenges, using examples taken from active, population-based surveillance systems in the both the USA and Thailand.
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The current system of epidemiologic surveillance in the area of Mutual Aid Centre and Health for All (CAMSAT in Spanish) in the “Banado Sur” in Asuncion is based on routine screening of possible febrile cases through home visits made by community agents from the Primary Health Care Unit (USF in Spanish). Each of the ten community agents are assigned to 150 households and the results of these home visits are recorded on sheets
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A dengue fever outbreak occured in French Guiana in 2006. The objectives were to study the value of a syndromic surveillance system set up within the armed forces, compared to the traditional clinical surveillance system during this outbreak, to highlight issues involved in comparing military and civilian surveillance systems and to discuss the interest of syndromic surveillance for public health response. Military syndromic surveillance allows the surveillance of suspected dengue fever cases among the 3,000 armed forces personnel. Within the same population, clinical surveillance uses several definition criteria for dengue fever cases, depending on the epidemiological situation. Civilian laboratory surveillance allows the surveillance of biologically confirmed cases, within the 200,000 inhabitants. It was shown that syndromic surveillance detected the dengue fever outbreak several weeks before clinical surveillance, allowing quick and effective enhancement of vector control within the armed forces. Syndromic surveillance was also found to have detected the outbreak before civilian laboratory surveillance. Military syndromic surveillance allowed an early warning for this outbreak to be issued, enabling a quicker public health response by the armed forces. Civilian surveillance system has since introduced syndromic surveillance as part of its surveillance strategy. This should enable quicker public health responses in the future.
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ABSTRACT This paper aims to discuss the political and organizational trajectory of the Health Surveillance System in Brazil. The paper is an exploratory and descriptive study, whose data were obtained through a literature review carried out in public domain databases from 1998 to 2013. The authors present a brief trajectory of the field of epidemiological, environmental and health surveillance toward a more integrated system, with case-resolution capacity. Finally, a debate was promoted on the advances and challenges of articulating proposals for organizational change and integrating practices in search of more effective responses within the scope of Health Surveillance. ERDS Public health surveillance; Integrality in health; Evaluation; Review. SAUDE DEBATE | rio de Janeiro, v. 39, n. 104, p. 255-267, Jan-Mar 2015 255 Sistema de Vigilância em Saude no Brasil avanos e desafios Health Surveillance System in razil: advances and challenes Catia Martins de Oliveira 1 , Marly Marques Cruz
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Established in 1982, the New York State Congenital Malformations Registry (NYCMR) is one of the largest statewide, population-based birth defects registries in the nation.In this article, we evaluate the surveillance of congenital malformations in New York State using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems.In addition to the evaluation of selected qualitative and quantitative system attributes, we assess the public health significance and usefulness of the surveillance system and how well it is meeting its stated objectives.
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In recent decades, public health policy and practice have been increasingly challenged by globalization, even as global financing for health has increased dramatically. This article discusses globalization and its health challenges from a vantage of ...Read More
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This study assessed the quality, core and support functions of the integrated disease surveillance and response (IDSR) system relating to 18 suspected cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana.Data was collected on selected indicators of the surveillance system relating to 18 suspected cases of EVD, from epidemiological week 19 to 45 of 2014. We conducted in-depth interviews with seven medical directors and two district directors of health services, and also reviewed documentation on the implementation of the core, support and quality functions of the IDSR system. We also monitored news in the media and rumours about EVD within the community as well as in health facility surveillance registers.The study identified gaps in the implementation of IDSR relating to 18 suspected cases of EVD. Health staff heavily relied on haemorrhage as the only symptom for detection of suspected EVD cases. Twelve blood samples and a swab of secretions from the mouth of the thirteenth patient (who died) tested negative for EVD using PCR assay in laboratory confirmation. The blood samples of three patients were discarded, as they did not fit the case definition for suspected cases, whilst two refused for their blood samples to be taken. The community-based surveillance (CBS) system has not been given a prominent role in EVD surveillance and response, as demonstrated by CBS volunteers and health staff not receiving any training in these processes. There was intense public interest in EVD in August and September 2014. That interest has since waned for reasons that have to be formally ascertained. Unfounded fear of and anxiety about EVD still remain challenges due to a lack of in-depth knowledge about the disease in Ghana.Ghana has been one of the pioneers in the implementation of IDSR in Africa. Despite this, gaps have been identified in the implementation of IDSR relating to EVD in the Brong Ahafo Region. To address these gaps, the CBS system has to actively partner with health facility surveillance to achieve effective IDSR in the region.
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